Checking the purity of water by boiling Essay

Therefore it is noticed that the samples of water we took are not pure but not too impure. The water obtained from the cooler (blue star) is the purest of them all with a boiling of 101Â °C which is very close to the boiling point of pure water which is 99.98Â °C. Therefore it is safe to consume this water. The other types of water are not consumed therefore it does not have an adverse effect on human lifestyle; the experiment was carried out only for comparison basis. It can be argued that the water used for washing the utensils is not pure so if people eat food via that utensil, germs could enter their system. But as a safety measure our school canteen uses a disinfectant known as Surf Excel as obtained from the survey conducted by our ESS group. Hence further purification of the tap water is not really required. It can also be inferred from the readings above that after boiling the water it becomes more pure, but the boiling point of the water obtained from the cooler does not change because boiling it is too small a method to make it purer since it is already very pure. Different methods need to be taken up to make it purer which will include the addition of chemicals which is not too good for the humans anyway. The reason the tap water is already so pure is because the water is obtained from a tank fitted on the top of the school which uses purification methods such as a sand filter (to remove the dust particles) and UV lights to kill the germs as stated in the ESS survey. Initially we conducted the experiment on the water used to keep the food warm is because it is known that if water is impure then it takes more time to heat it up hence the energy required to heat it up is also higher. So it was thought that if the water is made purer then the amount of energy required in heating the water would have been lesser and so energy would be conserved. After the experiment it was noticed that the difference in the boiling point between this water and pure water was too less (4Â °C) and that making the water pure would not have as significant an effect in conserving energy. Therefore the water section of the canteen does not cause any harm to the students as shown by this experiment and the survey conducted, hence it is not required to make changes in this sector. In theory if we were to apply this experiment on a large scale for the entire school, we would put large, more powerful solar panels on the roof of the building to boil the water. The experiment was conducted on a smaller scale. We managed to heat water through a solar panel. The concept thus applies when heating water on a large scale. We would use the solar panels to boil the water. This is a way of using a renewable resource, making Ecole Mondiale World School one step closer to becoming a ‘Green School’.

Hope vs Hope

Jovon Abriam American Literature Mr. Taube March 6, 2013 Hope Vs. Hope It’s a plane! It’s a bird! Yes, it actually is a bird. The poem â€Å"Hope† is the thing with feathers, is a 19th century poem written by Emily Dickinson and the movie The Shawshank Redemption, written and directed by Frank Durabont, both use a bird as a major symbol to hope. The Shawshank Redemption use the characters Jack, Andy and Red to make connections to hope, while â€Å"Hope† is the thing with feathers really has no characters that make connections to hope. Hope† is the thing with feathers is a poem about how hope never dies and will get you through rough times. The Shawshank Redemption is a movie based in the 1940’s how hope can either be corrupt or the best thing in life. The Shawshank Redemption and â€Å"Hope† is the thing with feathers are similar because of the symbolism and the central theme in both works, but what makes them different is the connectio ns the characters has to hope and the different type of media used.When juxtaposing the two works, you will find that there are a few similarities between the two. In, â€Å"Hope† is the thing with feathers (which is the first line in the poem) and The Shawshank Redemption, they both use birds as the symbol of hope. Saying that â€Å"Hope† is the thing with feathers is basically referring to a bird and in The Shawshank Redemption, the bird symbolizes hope because when Jake gives up his bird, he loses hope and ends up killing himself. Hope does not only play as the symbol in both works, but also as the central theme in the two.In the poem, Emily Dickinson is saying that if you have hope, it can get you through hard times and she uses a gale and a storm to symbolize the hard times. In The Shawshank Redemption, having hope will lead to you accomplishing your greatest desires. On the other hand, there are a few differences between The Shawshank Redemption and â€Å"Hopeâ €  is the thing with feathers. One of the differences between the two is that obviously one is a movie and the other is a poem.Another thing different between the two is the way the characters have a connection to hope. In â€Å"Hope† is the thing with feathers, there is no character that really makes a connection to hope, unlike The Shawshank Redemption which uses Andy, Red and Jack to make connections to hope. While, â€Å"Hope† is the thing with feathers says that the bird is the one that produces music, the bird in The Shawshank Redemption does not make music, instead it is Andy that plays the music on the prison speakers.The Shawshank Redemption and â€Å"Hope† is the thing with feathers are both so similar, but so different at the same time. These two works share many things in common like using the bird as the symbol of hope, as well as hope being the central theme. However, they are different because the type of media and the characters’ connec tion that the have to hope. Even though a 19th century poem and a 20th century movie may seem like they may have many differences, they actually can share a few things in common.

Nationality Immigration and Asylum Law Case Study

Nationality Immigration and Asylum Law - Case Study Example There are two possible avenues that Joshua can take, which is to apply for a straightforward work visa or apply through the Highly Skilled Immigrant Programme. The advantages and disadvantages of both programmes will be explored; as well as the eligibility of Joshua. 1) The position that is sought must be at an NVQ level or higher, i.e. a skilled work position. Also if the person is applying for a professional position the individual must be registered with the applicable governing body of that profession. 2) The educational level that the individual holds must meet the required skills of the job at a NVQ level 3 or higher OR the individual must hold the relevant experience that the UK educational bodies would apply to the individual's work experience. The work permit approvable educational experience are as follows: 3) In addition to the work permit if Joshua wants to remain more than six months he must apply for UK Entry Clearance, as he is looking for a possible change and move towards the UK this may be a requirement. If Joshua wants to make an informed decision in whether he wants to remain to work in the UK he probably will want to apply for UK Entry Clearance, especially when most work visas are between 1 and 5 years. UK Entry Clearance is just indication on the individual's passport the reason for staying in the UK 4) The position that is being applied for has to be advertised, unless it is a designated shortage occupation by the UK government and a work visa is easily approved as long as all other criteria are complied with. On the other hand, if it is a non-shortage area then the employer prior to hiring Joshua has to illustrate an attempt to employ from within the EEA workforce. This means it is a lot easier for Joshua to apply for a work visa within the UK after being accepted by a company here that has complied with the Immigration Directorate's guidelines if it is in an area where there are no shortages in the UK. 5) Finally, Joshua will be able to have his wife and child enter the UK with him as long as he can prove that they are still co-habiting together. The main problem with taking this approach is that Joshua will have to extend his visa every time that it expires and will the have to take the avenue of further leave to remain; however as EU law states this applicable continuously after a one year's continuous employment has occurred1. Therefore these provisions will have to be explored if Joshua and his family decide to reside in the UK. This means that Joshua will have to apply for indefinite leave to remain after 5 continuous years of work permits, after this time he can apply for indefinite leave. In this time Joshua has to ensure that he stays in good standing with the British Government and does not commit an imprisonable offence otherwise he can be deported effective immediately2. The second avenue that Joshua can take is as a highly skilled migrant, which means this sets him for living in the UK indefinitely. This will make the transition if he

BUS499-MoD 4 (SLP) The Learning and Growth Perspective Essay

BUS499-MoD 4 (SLP) The Learning and Growth Perspective - Essay Example ll the social responsibility of the organization and will help the organization to build up a strong image among competitors (Lawrie and Cobbold, 2004). Improving the current work processes will positively affect the performance of employees and managers and improves the overall productivity of the organization. It will also reduce the possibility of mishap and confusion regarding the work assigned. . Standardization of processes will minimize the possibility of mistake and will ultimately result in cost and time effectiveness (Lipe and Salterio, 2000). This will increase the efficiency and effectiveness of whole staff as it will provide new ways towards the problem solving of employees. It will also increase customer loyalty and satisfaction. It will help the organization to stay update and competitive in the market (Northcott and Smith, 2011). The culture defines the organization; building of strong organizational culture will create a satisfactory working environment for employees and will work as motivational factor for employees to meet organization’s goals (Palladium, 2011). It will increase the overall performance of employees as motivation works as a driver to effectiveness of employee performance. It may include fringe benefits, appraisal, allowances etc (Tapinos, Dyson, and Meadows, 2011). This objective will increase the performance of employees and will make them efficient enough to better understand customer’s need and problem and will also allow them to cater the need in an effective manner (Tohidi, Jafari, and Afshar, 2010). Develop techniques to measure employee performance and activities such as undertaking monthly performance assessment activity which will provide the organization an insight to the performance of employees (Tseng, 2010). Learning and growth prospective of balanced score card has given the organization a platform to enhance its performance, with focus on employees and organizational culture it has provided the

History Of The Internet Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History Of The Internet - Assignment Example 263). The early traces of internet can be found towards the 1970s when it was primarily used for the defense purposes in United States. The concept of common man using it was a mere illusion and no one could have imagined it. Its primary function and usage for shifted to the satellites systems for navigating and communicating with the towers and equipment installed at a distance of thousands of miles from the surface of earth. The M.I.T, I.B.M and A.T.& T were few of the pioneers who provided assistance and support in the early days of internet becoming a common and relatively known concept. It was the commercialization of the concept and technology which soon led to the entailment of the technology of internet becoming public and commercial. This came about in the form of World Wide Web becoming a common concept where the slow transition was seen towards people using it. In the initial days the transmission of internet was relatively slow and limited to the analogue mode of communications. The speeds so offered were relatively slow in terms of Kilo bits per second and providing support and connectivity to the limited number of users. United States of America, its commercial enterprises, the telephony supporting systems and the students and the universities have a considerable role with regard to the overall progress the internet has made. The World Wide Web and the establishment of the T.C.P/ I.P layer support system under the name of I.T.U enabled gaining further progress with regard to bringing about a medium of wireless technology and communication which would enable people getting connected despite being at a large distance from one another. The major step of the world wide web came about in the year 1991-1992 when the venture was formally undertaken by set of students who through their own launched browser gave the technology a new touch in the form of Mosaic browser. This was the first step

Research Proposal - Eroding Dress Standards Paper

Proposal - Eroding Dress Standards - Research Paper Example This research study aims to explore and understand the reasons behind the falling standards of professional dress standards in business environment. Considering above, following two hypothesis are formulated: This hypothesis will test whether dressing standards have changed due to informal nature of the organization. Informal organizations are more open and adaptive to their environment so their practices change due to changes in the environment in which they operate. Managing cultural diversity is one of the key challenges faced by the international firms. As such accommodating the values and standards of the employees belonging to different cultures and sub-cultures has become a necessity for the organizations. Due to such changes, the overall dressing standards might have changed over the period of time. Research design and methodology is the systematic way through which a researcher can actually test and explore different hypothesis and research questions. By applying different statistical tools and techniques a researcher can actually aim at finding out the key relationships between dependent and independent variables. This research study will be qualitative in nature considering the very nature of the research questions to be explored by the researcher. Qualitative studies are used in order to study the human behavior and habits and as such can provide an effective means through which this research study could be conducted and performed. Researcher however, aims to develop a questionnaire in order to obtain the views and comments of the managers in order to understand their perception about the professional dress codes and why they have changed. The overall purpose for adapting this method is to corroborate the research hypothesis and obtain the first hand information from the managers regarding the factors behind the changes in the dressing standards. The researcher will use the rule of refutability in order to either

Do Curfews Keep Teens Away From Crime Assignment - 9

Do Curfews Keep Teens Away From Crime - Assignment Example According to an article that explores effects curfew laws have on youths, less is evident about the positive impacts. The article states that researches who have tried to analyze the effects of curfews on reducing crime have relied on assumptions and not facts (Kline 2). Many cities in the United States have put in place curfews for teenagers following the 1990s when crime cases amongst the teenagers seemed to be on the rise. This measure therefore aimed at ensuring safety amongst them. These curfews are however usually applicable to teens who are under a specifically stated age. As much as it may reduce crime amongst those under the stated age, it will have no implication on kids just above the statutory age hence they will continue with their criminal behaviors (Kline 1). They will be able to influence the teenagers who will disobey the curfews and indulge in crime. This article, therefore, proves that setting curfews for teenagers is not a solution to the increased crimes amongst teenagers in the cities. A proper solution, therefore, should not direct to the teenagers alone but the youth in general. According to an article in Greater Greater Washington titled as ‘Teens need things to do, not curfews’, curfews have worked effectively on other cities and have been able to reduce the number of crimes amongst teenagers (Reed). The article, however, brings its claims stating that many feel curfews are too restrictive for the teenagers and that they do not eradicative the root cause of crime amongst the teenagers. The main cause of misbehavior amongst the teenagers as per this article is lack of appropriate things to do. Therefore, they keep themselves busy by indulging in criminal activities.  

Neo-Conservatism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Neo-Conservatism - Essay Example This new policy was also, in some ways, ineffective – as unions failed, blue-collar workers felt let down by the system and turned to neo-conservatism. The lack of contradictory political ideologies also played its part, giving dissatisfied Democrats the terrible choice of sticking with a disappointing party or turning to the right. As the century wore on, event after traumatic event shook the American culture, fatally dismantling people's faith in the current leftist governments. The Vietnamese war, the Watergate scandal, and the Iranian hostage crisis (amongst others) generated a pervasive sense of cynicism and alienation (WBA 695) which made neo-conservatism strangely more attractive. The culmination of such events combined with the inefficacy of the Democratic government to become a deathly blow to leftist politics. Many American people, particularly the working class and poor who had previously identified with the Democratic party, felt let down by a system which appeared to not care about them. This led to a massive drop in the amount of people going to the polls, meaning even before the results were in that a significant change in contemporary politics was almost guaranteed.

Ethics and Islam Essay Example for Free

Ethics and Islam Essay The interpretation of secular vs. religious ethics is always interesting, when we try to understand which of the two deserve our support. Obviously, both ethical philosophies have the right to exist among us, but the provisions of the religious ethics in Said Nursi’s vision are not only unique, but are sometimes surprising, and are sometimes unacceptable to those, who keep to secular ethical traditions. Said Nursi insists on ethics having religious foundations. His ethical vision is based on the assumption that religion is the source of reliable ethical knowledge. â€Å"For Nursi, the ultimate source of all ethical reflection is the Qur’an† (Markham 69). In this situation it is possible to suggest that Qur’an should be simple and understandable to the common people, so that they should be able to follow its provisions. The assumption is rather debatable: on the one hand, there seems to be nothing negative or threatening in the fact that Said Nursi keeps to religious foundations of ethics. On the other hand, I may suggest that those who refuse to accept the life of the prophet Muhammad as the source of ethical knowledge, risk facing opposition from religious ethics’ supporters. This ethics loses its relevance as soon as it is faced with the fact that there are possible other sources of ethics in other cultures of the world. Moreover, and I would agree with Markham, in that there is no guarantee that being obedient to Qur’an means seeing its wisdom; in case we do not understand the provisions to which we should keep in our ethics, it loses its relevance and meaning. The strong side of religious ethics in Said Nursi’s words is in accepting violence as weakness in trying to resolve various disputes. â€Å"Nursi is committed to handling disagreement with peaceful means not because he shared a western skepticism about the truth of religion, but because of the truth of religion† (Markham 72). Secular ethics would easily reject these religious attitudes. While Nursi tries to justify the strength of religion, he obviously forgets that this strength is relevant only within the limited religious circles. Secularism exists and cannot be denied. For those who consider themselves being secular the strength of religion is closely connected with the power of metaphysical phenomenon. In the absence of the latter, the power of the former becomes debatable. Thus, religious foundations of ethics can be applied within the limited space of extremely religious eastern countries, which keep to Islamic religion. Especially interesting is Nursi’s ideas about personal ethics and social equality. His interpretation of a person in illness is rather curious, though is also natural within the eastern religious framework. â€Å"O ill person who lacks patience! Be patient, indeed, offer thanks! Your illness may transform each of the minutes of your life into the equivalent of an hour’s worship† (Makrham 74). The question is whether patience is equal to inactivity. Recognizing the religious value of pain and suffering is what Nursi tried to convey in his ethical teaching (Markham 75) but this also risks confusing ethics with religion, without creating any distinct border between them. Social ethics in Nursi’s vision tends to support equality through rejecting interest and recognizing the importance of redistribution. In these terms, Nursi seems to reject the pluralism of social status in the society. Moreover, rejection of interest is closer to rejecting secularism, than to supporting religious foundations of ethics. Conclusion The whole ethical theory created by Nursi deserves attention but seems to be founded on the grounds, which do not justify the strength of religion but better protect it from the intervention of the external knowledge. In this light religious ethics seems even more vulnerable, than Nursi tried to represent it. Works cited Markham, I. â€Å"Secular or Religious Foundations for Ethics: A Case Study of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi†. In I. Markham I. Ozdemir, Globalization, Ethics and Islam, Ashgate Publishing, 2005, pp. 65-78.

Internet Censorship Essay Example for Free

Internet Censorship Essay WebInternet censorship (Is it possible to keep children safe from potential internet dangers? ) by: Eko Setiyo Utomo The Internet has become a part of modern life style for most people. In developed countries, most people use the internet at home. Children can access the internet for everything, from playing games, to doing schoolwork, to chatting with friends via e-mail, to surfing the web. Most online services provide children with a vast range of resources such as encyclopedias, current events coverage, and access to libraries and other valuable material. However, there can be real risks and dangers for an unsupervised child because most materials on the Internet are not only uncensored but also unedited. Adults can be expected to make their own evaluations of what they find. Children, who lack experience and knowledge, can not do this. Strohm (n. d. ) claims that the essential issue in the internet is internet pornography, which is a topic debated by many experts, but many other issues dangerous to children are of concern too. Children who have access to the internet can easily be lured into something dangerous. As stated by Manista (2002), â€Å"censorship on the internet has become an issue for a number of very specific reasons†. Parents should not assume that their children are safe online from internet dangers; and they should not just rely on soft ware to protect their children. According to Schwartz (2004), using filters to block access to undesirable materials may never prove to be the solution. In addition, governments should have the power to decide what is not acceptable for the minds of children. In contrast, it is argued by some people that supervising access to the internet could limit the creativity of children. n addition, according to Males (2000), statistical evidence does not support to filter the internet. He describes that several kinds of sex offences has declined since period internet (1990s) access in America. This essay will investigate the unsuitable nature of much of the material on the internet for children. It will also examine the devastating and lasting e ffect of pornographic images on children. Thus, parents must play a key role to keep children safe from potential internet dangers. Finally, it will suggest that parents should teach children how to choose suitable materials on the internet. The first section of this essay will explain why internet pornography and some of the various resources unsuitable for children can have a harmful effect on children. The next section will maintain that soft ware is essential to protect children from site danger. Finally, this essay will argue that parents themselves should be aware of the dangers on the internet. It is important to recognize that pornographic images on the internet can have a devastating and lasting effect on children. Children using the internet unsupervised can view free pornography pictures through accidental accessing. Strohm (n. d. ) has claimed that it is a commonly held belief that pornography on the Internet presents a serious danger to children online, and that the effects of pornography are progressive and addictive for many people. He further points out that most pornography sites are very easy to find. These sites always invite children and teens to take part in exposure. Children using internet chat rooms are the main target of sexual predators, often with traumatic results (Nuss 1999). Pornography isnt the only thing parents dont want their children to see on the Internet. Parents are also concerned about anarchist, Neo-Nazi, and all sorts of other propaganda, as well as information on computer hacking and building explosives. There are hundreds of thousands of web sites promoting illicit activities. However, many individuals and organized groups at the same time are attempting to protect children from information on homosexuality, violence, drugs and alcohol, hate speech, and the environment. In addition, according to Males (2000), children can become victims of internet crime, such as pedophile contacts with children and child pornography distribution. It is possible that some children may be visiting internet sites and communicating with potential internet predators without parent know. Otherwise, some pornographers argue, â€Å"In the right hands porn has its place. As anyone in the industry will readily proclaim, millions of men and women enjoy Web erotica harmlessly, and some couples turn to porn to enhance their sex lives† (Jerome et al. 2004). Children may have the opportunity to become informed about adult lifestyle. Pornography materials on the internet or ther media can be a valuable educational tool for children to understand about the concept of sexuality (Reisman Ray 1999). Furthermore, according to Males (2000), the internet access period (1990s) does not seem to have brought about any particularly bad effects. Nonetheless, children have access to computers and the internet not only at home, but in many other places, what they choose to view is very difficult to control. It is a concern of many parents that fre edom of information presented by the internet can pollute their main of children. Many kinds of methods have been implemented to avoid some of these negative effects of the internet. First of all, School on the Web†, for example, is a program has been developed by Microsoft and MCI to assist many schools attending information about education world on the internet. Moreover, Cyber Patrol, a popular soft ware, is a soft ware program that contains a twofold filtering technique. It can block unsuitable sites from a list of restricted web addresses (Reeks 2005).. Others products are Bess/N2H2, CyberSnoop, I-Gear, Internet Filter, Library Channel, NetShepherd. On Guard, Parental Discretion, Rated-PG, SmartFilter, Tattle-Tale, WebSense, and X-Stop. These soft ware are designed to present at one or more many kinds of computers. According to Schrader (1999), these products offer five basic approaches bad word, bad site, bad topic, site content rating systems and bad service to control expressive content on the internet which may be set by the individual user or built into the program. In addition, children using the internet can also be prevented from disclosing their personal details via e-mail or chat room with the application of soft ware, such as Net Nanny. Meanwhile, The Platforms for Internet Content Selection (PICS) provides particular-labeling vocabularies, which work in different way to filter, to block inappropriate materials. According to Resnick and Miller (1996) the parent, as a user, can select every material in the certain label that is provided by software to block unsuitable sites. Nevertheless, it is an impossible task to be able to censor everything on the internet because the internet is an infinite global network. Males (2000) maintains that the internet would be a useless tool for students if it is blocked, or filtered. Filters can easily block student out of websites that they need to access for research simply because they contain words that have been flagged as inappropriate. He also believes that People who worry about the internet have a phobia or anxiety disorder which is not concerned about real problems. However, using appropriate soft ware can help to minimize the negative effects of the internet, even if many weaknesses exist in various software. Parents can play a key role in helping young people to be aware of the dangers and can get practical help on keeping children safe online. Governments especially, which have the power to decide what is not acceptable for the eyes of children, should make many regulations to help parents to keep children safe from potential internet danger. In late 1999, the Australian Government established NetAlert to provide independent advice and education on managing access to and usage of the Internet (NetAlert 2005). First of all, parents need to build trusting relationships with children and set a good example. Most parents teach their children not to give out information to strangers, not to open the door if they are home alone (AACAP 1997). As a result, it is hopped that children never give their name, phone number, e-mail address, password, postal address, school, or picture without their parent permission. Furthermore, parents should also teach children how to search and find many materials that are suitable for young people (in Healey ed. 2002). Parents are strongly encouraged to speak openly with their children about online dangers and monitor their online activities. Moreover, it is important for parents to be aware that they can not assume that their child will be protected by the supervision or regulation provided by the online services. Only parents can judge when a young person is mature enough to access the internet. Nuss (1999) also claims that children will be much safer accessing the internet if parents take the time to learn to use the internet first. However, children often feel that as Internet users, they know how to make a decision about what materials are harmful. Moreover, when students are exploring the Net for different kinds of materials, they are essentially exploring the real world (Singhal 1997). The internet is one of the contexts in which young people can discover themselves, what is normal and abnormal in their behavior (in Healey ed. 002). However, because most children do not understand what materials on the internet are real or just imagined, parents should not trust children to use the internet without supervision. In conclusion, the internet is a valuable tool for assisting in the education of children. However, when children are online, they can easily be lured into something dangerous. Children have access to online information that promotes hate, violence and pornography. These can influence their behavior and even be harmful. Filter soft ware is the most effective way to protect children from inappropriate materials on the internet. Therefore, parents, who play a key role, should talk to their children about what is online and what might happen online. Finally, the government should use its power to control those sites that provide unsuitable material for young people.

Critically Analyze The Role Of Leadership Management Essay

Critically Analyze The Role Of Leadership Management Essay Leadership is very important to organizations especially to management perspective, to manage well the leadership could help company to achieving successful business. In the high competitive environment in nowadays, in order to have successful management of organization, organizations need to know the importance of leadership and the role of leadership in achieving sustainable organizational change. Leader is a person who in charge or as a change agent could manage an organization or use his ability to make the process of organizational change more effectively and successfully. Organizational change is a demand of the day and it is the needed power for organizations to survive in todays competitive environment. In nowadays, organizations are well understand the signification of the matter, and are serious to prepare themselves both in the existing and future trends to get the level of sustainable success, but its very complex and challenging for organizations to achieve the process o f organizational change. Due to leadership has a central role in evolution and cultivating an organization, thus, a very effective and highly competent leadership that is well competent to understand the most desirable shape of an organization and undertake the issue of organizational change in most appropriate way is high demanded in the process of organizational change. The analysis of literature reviewed was highly recommended two approaches of leadership in the demand of the process of organizational change which are visionary leadership and charismatic leadership. The main purpose of this research paper is to evaluate the role of leadership in achieving sustainable organizational change, the importance of organizational change and use the selected two approaches of leadership to evaluate how the leadership works in the Apple Inc, and how do these two leaderships could affect the organizations. 2.0 Literature Review 2.1 The leadership and its importance Refers to Berger and Luckmann, 1966, leadership like other social phenomena, is socially constructed through interaction, emerging as a result of the constructions and actions of both leaders and led. Research done by Kristina, 2009, leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal. Additional research which has done by Sansom, 1998, the leadership of an organization is instead, an ability of management to get and protect the company benefits by realizing employees need and company targets and bringing them to work in a better environment to achieve the common goals. After knowing the definition of leadership, author going to discuss on the importance of leadership in organizations. Refers to the research done by Chris, 2010, organizations are built on leadership and when there is good leadership in place, a company will succeed in all activities that it undertakes, retains employees and experiences growth. In fact, no company or organization can survive and thrive in the lack of efficient organizational leadership. One of the key elements in organizational leadership is maintain a delicate balance between understanding employee needs and organizational goals. An organization with the right leadership elements will have employees whose are satisfied with working in the organization and who feel that their work has contributed to organization growth. It must treat its employees as the most vital part of the entire system and instead of just a workforce it must treat them like assets. Leadership is very important to organization because it helps es tablishing direction to organization, developing a vision of the future, often the distant future, and strategies for producing the changes needed to achieve that vision, and leadership could help organization in aligning people, to communicating the direction by words and deeds to all those whose cooperation may be needed so as to influence the creation of teams and coalitions that understand the vision and strategies, and accept their validity (Barbara and Stephen, 2010). In the case study, the leadership of Steve Jobs built Apple Inc to the worlds most valuable company in 2011. Refers to Case study, the company started off as Apple Computer, best known for its Macintosh personal computers (PCs) in the 1980s and 1990s, despite a strong brand, rapid growth, and high profits in the late 1980s, Apple almost went bankrupt in 1996. Then Jobs went to work, transforming Apple Computer into Apple Inc with innovation non-PC products starting in the early 2000s. In fact, by 2010, the company viewed itself as a mobile device company, in the 2009 fiscal year, sales related to the iPhone and the iPod represented nearly 60% of Apples total sales of $43 billion. Apple Inc could not have todays successful without the good leadership of Jobs; he controlled and managed the company well to lead company achieving high revenue every year. Steve Jobs leaded his employees went out to the limitation of the normal PC industry, to focus on the different high technology product s in the related area, the innovation power which Jobs built still has high market position for Apple Inc today. 2.2 Role of leadership in organizational change Effective leadership is always required to bring effective changes (Kennedy, 2000). Successful organizational change depends on leaders who has direct authority with people going through the change-to support and execute change in their span of influence. Refers to Reardon, 1998, radical changes require private acceptance and it is a role of senior leaders to aware people to realize the need of change and therefore to create willingness to relinquish old style of working in favor of new ones. Another researcher Kotter, 1995, said that the effective leaders have clear and straight vision about future and the successful change needs to have a clear picture of future, without vision the successful changes are very difficult, thus, it is very important for the leaders to communicate the vision. Drucker, 1995 regards leaders in an organization as the life-giving elements in every organization in that without managers, organizations cannot possibly function properly without good leadership . Thus, a strong link is noted between a leaders efficiency and organization performance. Another additional research done by Wasim and Imran, 2010, the organizational leadership has a central role in evolution and cultivating an organization, it can help the member of an organization and working teams to face the challenges and to work for organizational goal in a worthy way. Steve Jobs plays an important role of the leadership in Apples organizational change, he leads Apple went out from the almost decline situation to such successful IT company today. Follow Steve Jobs back to Apple, in August 1997, Apple announced that Microsoft would invest $150 million in Apple and make a five-year commitment to develop core products, such as Microsoft Office, for the Mac Jobs abruptly halted the Macintosh licensing program. Apples 15 product lines were slashed to just four categories-desktop and portable Macintoshes, for consumers and professionals. Other restructuring efforts involved hiring Taiwanese contract assemblers to manufacture Mac products and revamping Apples distribution system from smaller outlets to national chains. Internally, Jobs focused on reinvigorate innovation, and Apple pared down its inventory significantly and increased its spending on RD. Refers to the research done by Kennedy, 2000, effective leadership is always required to bring effective changes, Jobs has the full authority with staffs and outsiders in the ongoing processes during the organizational change. According to another research done by Kennedy, 2000, effective leaders should have clear vision for the future development of organization, for example, Jobs laid out his vision for the Macintosh in what he called the digital hub in 2001, in which could attract these customers who entrenched in a digital lifestyle such as using digital cameras, portable music players and digital camcorders, and Jobs believed that Apples control of both hardware and software could be one of the unique strength for Macintosh to manage all these digital things. Because of the great leadership of Jobs, 91% of PCs priced $1,000 and above in the US market were sold by Apple (Case study). Therefore, the leadership plays an important role in the organizational change, and the effective leadership could bring company with effective organizational change and increase revenue. 2.3 The evaluation of organizational change 2.3.1 The importance of organizational change Organizational change is defined as the adaptation of new ideas or behavior by an organization with many perspectives on strategic change and organization development (Halkos and Bousinakis, 2012). The role of the manager or a team of leaders is crucial for the change. Those changes range both from technological to structural change and from psychological transitioning to organization downsizing (Choi, 1995). Organizational changes including both operational and transformational change. Refers to Liberatore et al, 2000, transformational change involves redesign and renewal of the organization often not made by the effort of a management science modeling. Organization change occurs in many forms, such as introduction of new technologies, new products, new process of administrative systems or any procedure new to an organization (Baker and Wruck, 1989; Zhou et al, 2006). Nowadays business trends are changing rapidly and quickly in the globe and the organizations that do not change cannot survive (Hage, 1999). In the high competitive environment of todays business, organizations are facing both internal and external pressure that they must make changes in order to success in the industry. It is also very important for the organization to manage the demands and expectations of the customers, employees and management; therefore, there is always a need for change to meet these expectations (Wasim and Imran, 2010). 2.3.2 The organizational change of Apple Inc According to Hage, 1999, organizational changes mean that organizations are undergoing and or undergone transformation, it may be define their success story or any type of experience or failure, the organizational change is the set of different actions that results shifting in directions and or processes that affect the way in which organizations work before. Some research paper wrote that organizational change cannot be separated from organizational strategy, or vice versa (Burnes, 2004; Rieley and Clarkson, 2001). Researcher Graetz, 2000, also suggested that against a backdrop of increasing globalization, deregulation, the rapid pace of technological innovation, a growing knowledge workforce, and shifting social and demographic trends, few would dispute that the primary task for management today is the leadership of organizational change. 2.3.3 Summary As the research done by Wasim and Imran, 2010 mentioned that the internal and external forces are important to organizational change. For example, in Apples case the external forces such as the competitive of IBM Company Apples competitive position changed fundamentally in 1981 when IBM entered the PC market. Because of the IMB PCs not only gained more market share, but they also emerged as the new standard for the industry. Apple responded by introducing the Macintosh in 1984, the Mac marked a breakthrough in ease of use, industrial design, and technical elegance; however the Macs slow processor speed and lack of compatible software limited sales. Thus, in a result of this, Apples net income fell 62% between 1981 and 1984, sending the company into a crisis, and this could be the internal pressures to Apple itself. Both the internal pressure and external pressure pushed Apple must make some organizational change in order to save the company and to have long term business. Therefore, Apple has introduces the iMac in August 1998 which priced $1299 all-in-one computer featured colorful translucent cases with a distinct eggshell design and also supported plug-and-play peripherals, saved Apple from crisis, because of the successful iMac, Apples sales outpaced the industrys average for the first time in years, Apple posted a $309 million profit in its 1998 fiscal year, reversing the previous years $1 billion loss. Apple as a good example of successful organizational change company, it has changed in response to technology, legislation, competition and consumer demand. One of the companys strategies after organizational change is to provide customers with high quality and high technology products since the consumer demand is changing with technology in the recent years such as iPad and iPod. Another successful strategy is the digital hub strategy, Apples shift towards a digital hub strategy was initiated by the debut of the iPod in 2001, followed by the iPhone in 2007, and then the iPad in 2010 and these product lines set Apple on a path toward becoming a full-fledged digital convergence company. In a summary of the above analysis, the two approaches of pressures pushed Apple Inc to go for organizational change, and after the changes done, it helps Apple Inc to reach good revenue and successful business. Apple Inc has made some strategy changes, they shortage their business into only four categories, and also refers to the research done by Graetz, 2000 which mentioned in the 2.3.2 section, the rapid pace of technological innovation, a growing knowledge workforce are the primary task for the leaders in the organizational change process, for example, in the leadership of Steve Jobs, Apple Inc has innovated some new high technology products such as iPad, iPod, iPhone and retail pathway. For example, Apple Inc not only wanted consumers to look at the eye-catching Macintosh designs, it is also wanted people to directly use and experience Apples software, the Apple retail experience gave many consumers their first exposure to the Macintosh product line. Another successful example o f Apple Inc because of the organizational change of Apple Inc is iPhone, the first iPhone was introduced in 2007 with many competitors such as Samsung, Nokia, HTC and etc, within two years, the iPhone went from zero to 30% of Apples total revenue, in terms of global Smartphones sales, the iPhone was the biggest growth story, capturing more than 14% of the market. From the two successful examples of Apple Inc in the organizational change could see that the suitable organizational change could help organizations with increase revenue and success business. 3.0 Analysis of case study 3.1 Visionary leadership Visionary leadership refers to the capacity to create and communicate a view of a desired state of affairs that clarifies the current situation and induces commitment to an even better future (Kathlee and Vincent, 2003). Colton 1985 described a visionary leader as one who established goals and objectives for individual and group action, which define not what we are but rather what we seek to be or do. The visionary leader inspires, challenges, guides and empowers. The reason why the Steve Jobs leadership is the visionary leadership is because Jobs truly added value, his evangelical zeal to show people the future potential of the product, this is vision as foresight, and has caused Jobs to be dubbed the priceless proselytizer (Uttal, 1985) and the missionary of micros. His visionary capacity as a promoter was also widely recognized and appreciated within the company, and Jobs is outstanding in his merging of foresight and imagination into the genius of the proselytizer. Visionary leadership has been discussed since many years back by few different researchers, Murphy, 1990 provided some insights into the nature of visionary leadership, he concluded that more effective principals have a clear sense of direction for their schools that they are able to clearly articulate, and the visionary leader focuses on fewer coordinated objectives around which staff members energy can be mobilized. Refers to Frances and Henry, 1989, an alternative image of visionary leadership might be that of a drama, Peter Brook, 1968, the legendary director of the Royal Shakespeare Company, has suggested that the magic of the theatre lies in that moment when fiction and life somehow blend together. It may be brief, but it is the goal of playwright, director, actor and audience, the result of rehearsal, the performance itself, and the attendance of the audience. Brook, however, finds these words too static, and prefers the French equivalents repetition, representation and assist ance, all of which, coincidentally, have special meanings in English. Kotter, 1996, also discuss that without the vision of leaders the motivation level of organization people may go down and their activities become meaningless which can prove worst for an organizations at the later end, he further said that vision plays a key role in producing useful change by helping to direct, align and inspire actions on the part of large numbers of people. Without an appropriate vision, a transformation effort can easily dissolve into a list of confusing, incompatible and time consuming projects that go in the wrong direction or nowhere at all. In the case study of Apple Inc, the visionary leadership of Steve Jobs brought lots of revenue to company, for example, Jobs came up with the great vision that the personal computer should become a digital hub for managing all of a users music, videos, photos and content in 2000, thus, Apple Inc got into the personal device business with the iPod and then the iPad. Thanks to the great vision of Jobs, iPod with its sleek design, simple user interface and large storage, it soon became an icon of the Digital Age in the words of one writer, and the first iPod stored up to 1,000 songs while other companys MP3 only can store hours of songs, by 2010, Apple reportedly held more than 70% of the MP3 market in the US. When other competitors still using normal music players which can only store hours of songs, Jobs made their vision to have some device which could upload and download digital songs, thus, the iPod was released with simple and nice design and could store up to 1,000 songs. The suc cessful visionary leadership helped Apple Inc increased company market share in the industry and also increased the revenue for company. The other successful vision of Jobs made when he lead Apple Inc was the innovation of the product between a Smartphone and a laptop computer which named iPad, the iPad could either connect to the Wifi or customers could buy a premium iPad which can use with 3G services, and also iPad could run almost all the iPhone apps. More than 450,000 iPads were sold during its first week on the market which brought to Apple Inc with good profits. Jobs commented that, It feels great to have the iPad launched into the world-its going to be a game changer. The successful of iPad released in the industry had lead other competitors to enter into the tablet market, it had produced immediately competitor responds such as HP said it would make a Wintel-based tablet, and Dell planned to ship an Android-based tablet. 3.2 Charismatic leadership Charismatic leadership theory is a popular and much researched approach to understanding effective leadership (Hughes, Ginnett and Curphy, 2003), Kippenberger, 2002, stated charismatic leaders are seen to have a powerful vision, a great deal of self-confidence, a strong conviction that they are right, and an assertive, even dominant, personality, this makes them highly effective in crisis situations or periods of significant change, but it can also make them potentially dangerous-especially if they choose the wrong vision. Steve Jobs is a strong charismatic leader, as a charismatic leader, he is highly inspirational, likes using stories to motivate, and his passion for perfection is inspiring, and when relying on behaviors that emphasize the directive style, Jobs does not hold his ideas about the direction of a project or someones ideas on how to resolve a problem. Steve Jobs had a great leader way of interacting with his employees, he could be greatly kind, rewarding and motivationa l, in a mean while, and he could also be cruel, despondent, demanding and thankless. His interaction with suppliers, other companies, and customers was equally unpredictable, no one ever knew that to expect from him, and the employees and suppliers are all most willing to follow his idea and what he asked them doing. Charismatic leadership theory was expanded by a number of researchers who have produced complementary, yet somewhat different, conceptualizations of charismatic leadership (House, 1977; Sashkin, 1988; Trice and Bever, 1986). Each of these theoretical offerings links a leaders influence; improved follower motivation, satisfaction and effort, and charismatic leadership can operate either as an individualized or a group level phenomenon depending on organizational context (Avolio and Yammarino, 1990). Shamir, House and Arthur, 1993, suggested that the effects of charismatic leadership on followers motivation are mediated by the increased salience of collective identities in followers self-concepts. Other researchers have done the similar research on the charismatic leadership as well and they have recorded that the performance and effectiveness of charismatic leaders is theorized to lay, at least in part, in their ability to inspire followers to work towards a vision rather than motivat ing followers with rewards and punishments, in particular, charismatic leaders tend to use specific communication strategies to inspire followers and implement social change (Shamir, Arthur and House, 1994; Fiol et al, 1999; Emrich et al, 2001; Bligh, Kohles and Meindl, 2004). In the case study of Apple Inc, the grate charismatic leadership of Steve Jobs had pulled company from crisis and leaded Apple Inc to become one of the most successful companies in the industry. For example, Steve Jobs always use stories to inspire and motivate people in his work, he is able to build the culture and promote his vision and mission for Apple Inc, and he used stories that made his employees feel they were making a difference in the world. Jobs said he wanted to make a dent in the universe with this company (Young, 2005). This is the mission he instilled in his employees and gave them a sense of purpose and devotion that continues to this day. The charisma leader ability made employees to work together and efficiency, and enhanced the productivity and revenue for the company. The other example is Steve Jobs wanted every products which he developed need to be perfect, such as during the development of iPhone. The initial design has the glass screen set into an aluminum case, one Monday morning Jobs went over to see Ive, I didnt sleep last night, he said, because I realized that I just dont love it. Ive, to his dismay, instantly saw that Jobs was right, I remember feeling absolutely embarrassed that he had to make the observation, he says. The problem was that the iPhone should have been all about the display, but in its current design the case competed with the display instead of getting out of the way. The whole device felt too masculine, task-driven and efficient. Guys, youve killed yourselves over this design for the last nine months, but were going to change it, we are all going to have to work nights and weekends, and if you want, we can hand out some guns so you can kill us now.. Jobs told to his team. Instead of balking, the team agreed. Same cases happened many times in the new product development, any small design or material Jobs did not like, he would tell his team No and change everything again even it needs to take more times to working on it, he did not care as he needs the products to be perfect, and because of his idea and suggestion were fully reasonable, employees agreed to change it and Jobs would worked together with his team to ensure the new perfect products could deliver to customers on time. Also because of his charismatic leadership ability the first iPhone-a revolutionary 3.5 inch touch screen interface placed commands at the touch of users fingertips without a physical keyboard and its entire system ran on a specially adapted version of Apples OS X platform, successfully sold about six million units over five quarters, this brought Apple Inc with very good revenue and the market position in the smart phone market. 4.0 Conclusion In a summary the analysis in this research paper, the leadership plays a significant role in the organizational change, and the type of leadership which Steve Jobs used in the Apple Inc are visionary leadership and charismatic leadership. Refers to Wasim and Imran, 2010, organizational leadership has a central role in evolution and cultivating an organization, it can help the member of an organization and working teams to face the challenges and to work for organizational goal in a worthy way, and the role of a leader is also very prominent while addressing the change issue for organizations. And in the case study, the great leadership of Steve Jobs helped Apple Inc to reached high revenue and good market position. Therefore, organizations need to pay attention to the importance of leadership during the organizational change, good leadership could bring organizations successful organizational change and business, and ineffective leadership could result in fail on organizational chang e. Both visionary leadership and charismatic leadership are important for organizations, vision is a mental image of a possible and desirable future of the organization (Bennis and Nanus, 1985; Lyerly and Maxey, 2000), there do not have any leader without vision, and the visionary leadership are very important for organizations development, leaders need to have a clear visionary image on how the future development of organization, otherwise, the organization will face decline. Such as in Apple Inc, Steve Jobs had the clear vision of how the future development of Apple Inc, which market and products organization need to develop, without the successful visionary leadership of Jobs Apple Inc could not reach todays success and market position. Charisma as a relationship between an individual leader and one or more followers based on leader behaviors that engender intense reactions and attributions on the part of followers, a charismatic leader may enchant the subordinates, as a result, the subordinates are likely to follow a leader who is charismatic (Wu and Wang, 2012). The charisma leadership of Steve Jobs pulled Apple Inc out from crisis, he pushed perfection on every product which he created, to ensure the quality and design of the product could perfect to be delivered to customers. The way he interactive with his employees made employees were all willing to follow his suggestions and instructions, only all the followers could work together, then the productivity and efficiency of work could be done, Jobs as the great charismatic leader leaded Apple Inc to reach todays performance. Therefore, leaders need to have the charisma ability to lead organizations, and organizations need to have the charisma leadership to ensur e organization could have successful business and performance, in a final result, could reach high revenue for organizations. (Approximately 2736 words)

Comparing Barn Burning and Pauls Case :: comparison compare contrast essays

Barn Burning and Paul's Case The stories "Barn Burning" written by William Faulkner and "Paul's Case" written by Willa Cather both have two separate characters with very similar troubles. Each has a uniquely sad narrative. "Barn Burning" is a sad story because it not only shows the classical struggle between the underprivileged and the privileged classes, but also the struggle between a father and his son, Sarty. Together, these two boys share comparable lifestyles. Each has conflicts with his father, fantasize of a wealthier existence, and flee from the tribulations in his life. Sarty's main dilemma is his loyalty to his family, which collides with his disappointment and suppressed dislike for his own father. He tends to hide his feelings by denying the facts, "our enemy he thought in that despair: ourn! mine and his both! He's my father!" (Faulkner 171). Sarty appears to be fearful of his father: "If I would have said they wanted only truth, justice, he would have hit me again. But now he said nothing. He was not crying. He jut stood there." (Faulkner 173) In comparison, Paul and his father also have conflicts and Paul too seems to be afraid of his own father. He decides that he would much rather spend the night in the cellar of his house than go inside and face his father. Paul does not feel as much at home when he is at his father's house as he does at Carnegie Hall where he works as an usher and spends most of his time. Paul's teachers and his father believe his working at the theater affects his schooling. As a result, Paul's father takes him out of school and forces him to work for a company referred to only as the firm of Denny and Carson as an office boy. Paul's dream to live like the stars is taken away when his father forbids him to work, visit, or go anywhere near the theater. It is at Carnegie Hall that Paul became struck by the glitter and the starlight of the stage. He is not star struck in the sense that he wanted to perform in any way; he is simply content to observe others' performances.

Jewish Contributions to the Early Civil Rights Movement Essay -- The Ci

In many ways, the 1950s planted the seeds for the progress of the 60s. Glimpses of the rebellious generation, who would later find its way to the anti-War protests, are found throughout the fifties, specifically in movies like Rebel Without a Cause and more overtly in Jack Kerouac?s On The Road. The move away from conformity and towards more of an individualistic mentality began in the somewhat closed circles of the Beat movement and spread throughout America during the sixties. The Montgomery Bus Boycotts and Brown V. Board of Education were great precursors to the revolutionary civil rights legislation of the mid sixties. Whereas for most of the aforementioned societal changes, the 50s only exhibited hints of what was to come in the sixties, members of the civil rights movement built an impressive resume and did more than merely build a base for the 60s. The fifties marked a time when civil rights began to take front stage for many Americans and served as the call to action for Afr ican-Americans. Blacks decided that they would no longer sit around waiting for change, but that they were going to get up and right the wrongs of the North and South. Tremendous historical events, some which took days and some which took years, were planned and successfully carried out in this decade. Individuals were mobilized, great leaders emerged, and powerful organizations took center stage. But, the African-Americans were certainly not alone. Along with them stood Whites of all backgrounds and religions, of all social classes and perspectives, and of all reasons and justifications. American Jews, who had the unenviable predicament of being both White and a persecuted minority, disproportionately involved themselves with the struggle against s... ...ms: Martin Luther King Jr. and the Jewish Community p.41. 19. Greenberg, Cheryl. "The Southern Jewish Community and the Struggle for Civil Rights." 20. Dollinger, Marc. "Hamans and Torquemadas: Southern and Northern Jewish Responses to the Civil Rights Movement 1945-1965" 21. Webb, Clive. Fight Against Fear: Southern Jews and Black Civil Rights. p. 45-56 22. Dollinger, Marc. The Quest For Inclusion: Jews and Liberalism in Modern America. p. 167 23. Schneier, Rabbi Marc. Shared Dreams: Martin Luther King Jr. and the Jewish Community. p. 40 24. Schneier, Rabbi Marc. Shared Dreams: Martin Luther King Jr. and the Jewish Community. p. 62 25. Rose, Peter. "Blacks and Jews: The Strained Alliance." The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. Vol 454, March 1981. p. 55

Henry Morton Stanley

Nathan C. Thompson EUH1001 Feb 28, 2012 Dr. W. Moody Henry Morton Stanley Born John Rowlands in Wales, or as those of his time knew him as Henry Morton Stanley; was the illegitimate son of John Rowlands and Elizabeth Parry. He grew up partly in the charge of reluctant relatives, partly in St. Asaph Workhouse. After his interlude of dependence on relatives, he sailed from Liverpool as a cabin boy, landing at New Orleans in 1859. There Rowlands was befriended by a merchant, Henry Hope Stanley, whose first and last names the boy adopted in an apparent effort to make a fresh start in life with a new identity; â€Å"Morton† was added later.For some years Stanley led a roving life; a soldier in the American Civil War, a seaman on merchant ships and in the U. S. Navy, a journalist in the early days of frontier expansion. In 1867 Stanley offered his services to James Gordon Bennett of the New York Herald as a special correspondent with the British expeditionary force sent against Tewo dros II of Ethiopia, and Stanley was the first to report the fall of Magdala in 1868.An assignment to report the Spanish Civil War followed, and in 1869 he received instructions to undertake a roving commission in the Middle East, which was to include the relief of Dr. David Livingstone, of whom little had been heard since his departure for Africa in 1866 to search for the source of the Nile. On Jan. 6, 1871, Stanley reached Zanzibar, the starting point for expeditions to the interior, and, intent on a scoop, left on March 21 without disclosing his intentions.His secretive conduct caused much offense to the authorities, especially to Sir John Kirk, the British consul, who had been having difficulty in making contact with Livingstone. Leading a well-equipped caravan and backed by American money, Stanley forced his way through country disturbed by fighting and stricken by sickness to Ujiji on Lake Tanganyika, Livingstone's last known port of call. There he found the old hero, ill and short of supplies, and greeted him with the famous words â€Å"Dr. Livingstone, I presume? A cordial friendship sprang up between the two men, and when Stanley returned to the coast he dispatched fresh supplies to enable Livingstone to carry on. The older man's quest ended a year later with his death in the swamps of Lake Bangweulu still vainly seeking the Nile in a region that in fact gives rise to the Congo (Zaire) River. When Livingstone died in 1873, Stanley resolved to take up the exploration of Africa where he had left off. The problem of the Nile sources and the nature of the central African lakes had been only partly solved by earlier explorers.Stanley secured financial backing from the New York Herald and the Daily Telegraph of London for an expedition to pursue the quest, and the caravan left Zanzibar on Nov. 12, 1874, heading for Lake Victoria. His visit to King Mutesa I of Buganda led to the admission of Christian missionaries to the area in 1877 and to the eventual est ablishment of a British protectorate in Uganda. Circumnavigating Lake Victoria, Stanley confirmed the explorer John H. Speke's estimate of its size and importance.Skirmishes with suspicious tribes people on the lakeshore, which resulted in a number of casualties, gave rise in England to criticism of this new kind of traveler with his journalist's outlook and forceful methods. Lake Tanganyika was next explored and found to have no connection with the Nile system. Stanley and his men pressed on west to the Lualaba River (the very river that Livingstone had hoped was the Nile but that proved to be the headstream of the Congo).There they joined forces with the Arab trader Tippu Tib, who accompanied them for a few laps downriver, then left Stanley to fight his way first to Stanley Pool (now Malebo Pool) and then (partly overland) down to the great cataracts he named Livingstone Falls. Stanley and his men reached the sea on Aug. 12, 1877. Failing to enlist British interests in the develop ment of the Congo, Stanley took service with the king of Belgium, Leopold II, whose secret ambition it was to annex the region for himself.From August 1879 to June 1884 Stanley was in the Congo basin, where he built a road from the lower Congo up to Stanley Pool and launched steamers on the upper river. (It is from this period, when Stanley persevered in the face of great difficulties, that he earned, from his men, the nickname of Bula Matari [â€Å"Breaker of Rocks†]). Originally under international auspices, Stanley's work was to pave the way for the creation of the Congo Free State, under the sovereignty of King Leopold.Author Laura Benet does not disappoint us with this extensive study formerly know John Rowlands in Wales, Stanley's boyhood was harried by poverty, by relatives who treated him as a thorn in the side and by tough years in a workhouse- not the best of conditions for growing up. Amazingly unembittered by this, John went as a youth to New Orleans and had the g ood fortune to go to work for Henry Morton Stanley, a southern merchant who adopted him and whose name John later took. Still another set back, the Civil War, was not enough to dispirit the new Henry Stanley, who found himself in post war years a reporter for the New York Herald.First assignments sent him to Abyssinia and Spain and then the hunt for Livingstone geared the rest of his life as the reporter explorer who left his mark on the opening up of Africa. For an exciting biography, the author dug deep into Stanley's life and made him a full personality in these pages, without ignoring the challenges each journey entailed. I personally found this book to be a very interesting read, it kept me intrigued and involved with an attraction that intensified with each depiction of the stories.I would recommend this book to all readers young and old. For the summary I chose stories about Stanley's most memorable adventures like the search for Livingston, the journey through Africa, and Ki ng Leopold's covert purchase of African territory for best locations. Those stories really helped put Stanley into greatness due to the impact they made, he saved David Livingston, a Nation hero; also help jump start the â€Å"Race for Africa† for King Leopold; all this aside from the fact that he was quite the reporter/adventure/identity thief.

Intro Spanish Language Culture Essay

Every country has its famous people. People become famous because of positive or negative things that they do in their life. However, most people become famous because of the contribution they make in their fields they engage in. There are those who gain fame because of their contribution in sports, music, politics, education and other fields. This paper looks at Astor Pantaleon Piazzolla an Argentinean tango composer and bandoneon player born on March 11 1921 and died on July 4 1992. In his music careers he was able to revolutionalize traditional tango music into new style of tango music known as Nuevo tango. This new style of tango music incorporated elements from classical music and jazz music. He is reknown for his performance of his own compositions which hand different ensembles (Azzi, pg 3-5). Astor spent most of his childhood years with his family who lived in New York City. It is here where he was exposed to jazz music and music done by J. S Bach at his early age. He acquired a mastery of four languages while in New York City. He could speak in Spanish, English, French and Italian. While he was thirteen years old he met Carlos Gardel who was a great figure of tango music. He returned to Argentina in 1937 where traditional tango music was the order of the day. He performed in a number of night clubs with a number of groups including the famous orchestra of Anibal Troila, which at that moment was the most famous bandoneon player and also band leader in the country. It was in 1950 when he composed the sound track to the film Bolidos de acero. He entered his Buenos Aires symp0hony in a contest of composition where he won a grant from the government of France to take study in Paris. He left with his family for Paris in 1954. He credits his music careers from the support that he received from Nadia Boulanger. After introducing his new approach to tango music, he became a controversial figure both musically and politically in Argentina. Some of the biggest resistance that he met in Argentina was the idea that everything else would change in Argentina, but Tango music would remain the same. Despite the resistance that he met him his own country his music got a lot of acceptance in Europe ands also in North America. Some of the liberal segments in the Argentinean society embraced his new style of tango music. They were mainly the people who were pushing political change in Argentina at that moment. During the time when Argentina was under military dictatorship, as from 1976 up to 1983 he lived in Italy although he would visit Argentina in many times to record his music (Piazzolla & Gonzalez pg 7-11). His musical style of nuevo tango was different from the traditional tango in some ways. This is because it incorporated elements of jazz, the style also used extended harmonies and dissonance. There was also the use of counterpoint and extended compositional forms. His fusion of tango with other recognizable western music element got a lot of success to the extent that it he produced a new style which transcended all these influences. It is this success and individuality in his compositions led to the particular influences that he made with his music. He used passacaglia technique of circulating bass line and harmonic sequence. He depicted sense of democracy and freedom among the musicians by the improvisation that he did by borrowing from jazz in concept but practically involves a different vocabulary of scales and rhythms which maintained the parameter of the established tango sound world (World Saxophone Congress & North American Saxophone Alliance pg 35-37). When he composed Adios Nonino in 1959 he developed a standard structural pattern for his compositions. The compositions involved of a formal pattern of fast slow fast slow coda. The fast sections of the compositions had emphasized gritty tango rhythms and angular melodic figures. The slower parts involved the use of string instruments or his own bandoneon which acted as lyrical soloists. The piano was used as back bone of percussive rhythm. He used quintet of bandoneon which most people consider it to be the most successful instrument in all his works. This is because of the great efficiency in the sound produced. The sound produced covers and imitates most sections of a symphony orchestra. Despite the use of the quintet in most of his music and also the use of ABABC compositional structure he used other forms of music and combination of instruments. In 1965 he produced an album which contained composition done in which he collaborated with Jorge Luis Borges. In 1968 he wrote and made a production â€Å"operita†, Maria de Buenos Aires which included also of ensembles, for example, percussion, three vocalists, flute and a movement in Piazzolla own style of rhythms (JSTOR (Organization) pg 16-18). By 1970s, he lived in Rome where he performed more fluid musical style which had more influence of jazz music. His music at this moment was also simpler and more continuous. In the 1980s he had become rich and famous person. He became an autonomous artist and wrote some of his most multi movements works. Some of the works he wrote include La Camorra, which was a suite in three ten movements inspired by Neapolitan crime family. He made three albums in New York with second quintet. He described this to be his greatest thing that he ever did in his lifetime. He did away with quintet and formed a sextet which had an extra bandoneon, piano, electric guitar. He also wrote music for his ensemble which was more adventurous in harmony and also in structures that all his previous work. He was able to respond to the growing popularity of non western music. He did this by finding ways in which he incorporated new styles into his own music (Groppa, pg 181-182). He had an open minded attitude to the styles which existed. This helped him be able to hold the mindset of an 18th century composing performer. He assimilated all the national flavors of his days in to his composition. He wrote his music with a sense of direct social relationship and first hand performing experience. According to biographers it is estimated that Piazzolla wrote around three thousand pieces and recorded almost five hundred songs in his careers. In his music Piazzolla epitomized our situation in the world we are living to day by fusing folkloric beauty and contemporary tension. His music challenged the traditionalist and made those who were adventurous asking for more of that kind of music. His music had message for the generations to come. His nuevo tango music attracted most popular and jazz musicians in many parts of the world (World Saxophone Congress & North American Saxophone Alliance pg 35-37). Despite the critics that his music received from the conservative government his music stood the test of the time and made a lot of impact to the society. He suffered thrombosis in Paris in 1990 and later died two years later in Buenos Aires.

Unicef Unesco And Education For All In Cambodia Education Essay

United Nations International Children ‘s Emergency Fund ( UNICEF ) was established on December 11, 1946. He was created in the intent to assist kids and adult females that faced up many jobs in life. He works with 190 states through state plan to get the better of the obstructions such as poorness, force, diseases, and favoritism which are affected to kids in day-to-day life. He does work really active in planetary administration in footings of supplying educational system, assisting kids from injury, force, and advancing information by utilizing engineering. Furthermore, he besides works with many people barely in order to protect kids from environmental jobs because he does non desire the kids suffer from those activities. However, he believes that kids are still threatened by those jobs because he can non vouch kids from being out those jobs. Meanwhile, he besides works really difficult to happen the schemes to forestall the spread of HIV/AIDS among immature people because h e wants to maintain them from injury and enable to protect them. However, non merely kids but besides adult females he besides promote misss ‘ instruction because he wants to promote misss have a really deep thought, better citizens in society every bit good as a good female parent for her ain kids. UNESCO ( United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ) was created on November 4, 1946. He was established in order to work out jobs that related to wellness, poorness, and instruction that provide installations throughout the universe. In a nut shell, he is responsible for advancing peace, societal justness, human rights, and international security through international cooperation on educational scientific discipline and cultural plans. He has 193 member provinces and 7 associate member provinces ; hence, we trust that we will success in footings of covering with those jobs that we work manus in manus together. More of import than this, we play a critical function in United Nations in footings of cut downing utmost poorness in developing states, extinguishing gender inequalities in primary and secondary instruction, advancing sustainable development and particularly he wants to accomplish the end by 2015. As a consequence, he besides has his ain intent for futur e that he will seek to advance instruction every bit much as possible, societal justness and planetary peace and cooperation. MDG ( Millennium Development Goal ) was adopted by UN Millennium Summit in September 2000. He was established for ASEAN as a whole in order to do all the states in ASEAN obtain the end by 2015 successfully which is ASEAN Community. Furthermore, today he non merely has the fiscal resources to stop utmost poorness but besides has technological cognition to forestall this job in order to avoid this job go on once more and once more. Therefore, MDG has put eight chief schemes for ASEAN states to follow in order to develop the state such as: 1/ Eliminate utmost hungriness and poorness 2/ Achieve cosmopolitan primary instruction 3/ Promote gender equality and empower adult females 4/ Reduce kid mortality 5/ Improve maternal wellness 6/ Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases 7/ Ensure environmental sustainability 8/ Develop a planetary partnership for development. Education was offered by the WATS ( pagoda ) in Cambodia that provided merely male population to larn, in the yesteryear. Female were prohibited. That ‘s why Cambodia remains a batch of uneducated misss that had no activities or action which involve in societal work after Pot Pot government. Furthermore, during that period, the figure of qualified people such as instructors, research workers, and technicians, physicians were died. More significantly, that government led to get rid of instruction, consistently destructing learning stuffs, and so on. Schools and universities were closed. Not for long clip, this government was collapsed. The new authorities came up and had responsibility to retrace the instruction system since these substructures were to a great extent destroyed and besides many educated people were killed. However, he was rather hard to retrace the instruction system because our authorities did non hold ability to put in all the stuffs instantly since we merely w oke up from war. Actually, he can did it unless taking for long times.MC # 2: Function of UNICEF, UNESCO, the MDG, and Education for All in CambodiaUNICEF plays a critical function in Cambodia in footings of assisting hapless people and uneducated people particularly people populating in urban or rural country. Beside this job, UNICEF besides provides gender equality in Cambodia. There is no favoritism in this society. Furthermore, all kids have an equal chance to have an instruction and they can anticipate what they will acquire for their future life. They have a really strong committedness for their future life. UNESCO plays an of import function in Cambodia in footings of sharing cognition. Knowledge can do or take people to hold a really bright hereafter because when people have knowledge, people can protect themselves from something go on around them. However, UNESOC besides has another intent that desiring to construe to Cambodia is peace and security by advancing coaction among the states through instruction, scientific discipline, and civilization in order to foster cosmopolitan regard for justness, for the regulation of jurisprudence, and for the human rights and cardinal freedoms which are affirmed for the peoples of the universe, without differentiation of race, sex, linguistic communication or faith. These are sensible that Cambodia demand because after woke up from war, Cambodia still non stay peace. MDG is one portion of organisation. He besides has map to develop since Cambodia remains a batch of poorness after war. In the existent state of affairs that MDG was practiced in Camb odia about how to extinguish poorness. Cambodia needs to set up a mechanism for periodic reappraisals of advancement made towards bettering policy coordination at all degrees. However, it ‘s rather hard for Cambodia to make so because Cambodia is considered as a developing state which has no adequate natural stuffs, fiscal, human resources and so on. Nonetheless, in order to accomplish MDGs, non merely Cambodia but besides other states need to develop appropriate roadmaps suited to local demands and conditions. Education for all is really of import for Cambodia. Education is the primary vehicle by which economically and socially marginalized grownups and kids can raise themselves out of poorness. Besides, instruction has a critical function in authorising adult females, safeguarding kids from exploitative the environment, and commanding population growing. Education is the great thing that Cambodia need because Cambodia needs human resources to develop state to go comfortable state.MC # 3: The advantages of UNICEF, UNESCO, the MDG, and Education for All in CambodiaUNICEF has a batch of advantages that UNICEF provides to the hapless states particularly Cambodia. UNICEF working with many organisations in order to cover with some issues such as poorness, force, disease, and favoritism in a kid ‘s way that many states is confronting. This organisation works really hard in order to get the better of those jobs. Notwithstanding, he tries to advance misss instruction for guaranting that miss s can finish primary instruction as a lower limit in order to protect themselves from force, foolish, and so no. Furthermore, he works to support the spread of HIV/AID among immature people because it is right to maintain them from injury. However, from my point of position, I can state that the activities that UNICEF act is really right for Cambodia because after Pol Pot government ( race murder ) , Cambodia remains many people who burden HIV/AID virus, orphaned, poorness, and uneducated people. Therefore, the manner that UNICEF performs provides a batch of advantages to Cambodia to extinguish those diseases and all issues that happened in Cambodia from the past until now. Nevertheless, UNICEF does non hold ability to assist Cambodia what he has met presents but he can assist Cambodia to cut down those issues at least from 0 % to 50 % . UNESCO is besides help hapless states to avoid those jobs, but he concentrates much on instruction since this organisation wants people all over the universe to go knowing individual that society need in order to divert from force, poorness, and so on. This organisation has his map similar to UNICEF. Hence, I can state that since this organisation takes topographic point in Cambodia, now there are many people understood much on instruction particularly in university and besides many adult females working in ministries and companies. Since I described briefly about rubric of the end MDG before, now I will state them more clearly. Of class, there are eight ends for accomplishing the MDG by 2015. However, he is really difficult to make so since some states can non pattern its. First, eradicate extreme poorness and hungriness which steps by utilizing poorness spread ratio, portion of poorest quintile in national ingestion, prevalence of scraggy kids under-five old ages of age, and proportion of own-account and lending household workers in entire employment to do certain that there is lower poorness or hungriness occur in the state. Second, achieve cosmopolitan primary instruction which will be guarantee that by 2015, kids everyplace, male childs and misss likewise, will be able to finish a full class of primary schooling for guaranting that miss can obtain knowledge every bit to work forces without favoritism. This is a really of import point that Cambodia needs. Third, promote gender equality and empower adult fema les which is the intent of eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary instruction, sooner by 2005, and in all degrees of instruction no subsequently than 2015 by sharing the adult females in pay employment in the non-agricultural sector. Fourth, cut down kid mortality is the mark to cut down by two tierces, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate to do certain that there is a low of infant mortality rate. Fifth, better maternal wellness by utilizing the maternal mortality ratio, and utilizing prophylactic prevalence rate. Sixth, combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases in order to do certain that those disease will be reduced by 2015 which utilizing the ratio of school attending of orphans to school attending o non-orphans aged 10-14 old ages. Seventh, guarantee environmental sustainability in the mark that integrate the rules of sustainable development into state policies and plans and change by reversal the loss of environmental resources. Eighth, develop a planetary partnership for development in the arm of developing farther an unfastened, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and fiscal system and turn to the particular demands of the least developed states. Education for all is utile for everyone without favoritism both male childs and misss in this universe. Learning is the most powerful tool because the more we know the better we get along in the universe. If we do non hold cognition, we are really hard to populate in this universe since this universe is traveling to seek modern engineering, Furthermore, we have knowledge, we are certainly to acquire a better occupation with a high paid.MC # 4: The impact of UNICEF, UNESCO, the MDG, and Education for All in CambodiaFor positive point of UNICEF, he starts his cooperation in Cambodia in 1952 as a portion of its planetary and Asia-wide regional plan to better kid wellness and wellbeing. UNICEF was helped Cambodia a batch in footings of instruction system, wellness attention service, so on and so away. He helps Cambodia in the intent of forcing Cambodia to go a strong state that full of human resources that would be helped Kampuchean citizens in the following hereafter since the state can develop or non develop based upon on human resources. Positive point of UNESCO, it is non much impact since it is non play in a major function in Cambodia. It merely shows us merely about the negative point. UNESCO provides disadvantages more than advantages. For illustration, in instance PREAH VIHEAR TEMPLE, harmonizing to the web site of one of the celebrated Thai English Newspaper called THE NATION REPORT which announce on Thursday 21, May 2009, said that the UNESCO is unjust because the occupation of UNESCO is to guarantee that this heritage is good conserved. Why UNESCO has to inquire for permission from Thailand if they are merely visit Cambodia? Is Thailand Cambodia ‘s parent? Actually, for this statement, it depicts really clear that UNESCO is unjust in footings of judging the universe heritage. MDG, really MDG play a really of import function in Cambodia in footings of assisting Cambodia to cut down poorness in the state chiefly. A few month ago, in Phnom Penh metropolis ( in forepart of BO TUM VATEY pagoda ) , many official authorities ran this plan for advancing by gather together many people include high school pupils, workers, motor cab, and so on came to speak in order to portion some information which relate to poorness to do certain that these sorts of people understand good what is poorness and where does it come from. Conversely, it is rather difficult to make so since our state deficiency of human resources. Education for All, Cambodia is increasing a batch of schools from the lower grade to the higher grade at everyplace in the state to do certain that all people can hold opportunity to derive cognition in order to better themselves to back up populating criterion. Besides, I think that it is non much influence to Cambodia because now many people are educated so they understand good before they decide to make anything. We can see that most of people are be givening to travel to school.MC # 5: Future position of UNICEF, UNESCO, the MDG, and Education for All in CambodiaUNICEF plays a really of import function in Cambodia in footings of supplying instruction, assisting kids from force, advancing on the utilizations of engineering. Besides, UNICEF works on five issues of kids such as instruction, safety of kids and growing, preparation of kids in their early age, mistreatment and maltreatment guard the kids from maltreatment, and HIV/AIDS. Furthermore, UNICEF works really difficult to happ en the schemes to forestall the spread of HIV/AIDS among immature people since he wants to keep kids from injury and enable them to protect others. In add-on, UNICEF is working with many organisations in order to cover with some issues such as poorness, force, diseases, and favoritism. He works much on developing state. Additionally, he is besides holding a position since he works really difficult for assisting hapless states. The policy model covers all those who are deemed excluded, consisting handicapped kids, working kids, street kids, those with disablements, those with larning troubles, the really hapless, those in geographically distant countries, those from lingual, cultural or cultural minorities, those with parents who have stigmatized occupations, those with HIV or whose parents have HIV, those displaced by struggle or natural catastrophe, but non accomplishing in school and those that drop out of school. Integrated schooling systems consisting of all denominations, are t o be considered, to further societal coherence and better apprehension among communities. UNESCO is besides play a really indispensable manner to assist Cambodia. It helps Cambodia in the intent of forcing Cambodia to go a good state that full of human resources that would be help Cambodia in the following hereafter. Besides, it might believe that state can develop based upon on human resource. Furthermore, UNESCO is besides help hapless states to avoid those jobs, but he concentrates much on instruction since this organisation wants people all over the universe have instruction to divert from force, poorness, and so on. However, UNESCO is still weak that can non happen the right thing to the victim since the victim demand for aid like Cambodia. This organisation has his map similar to UNICEF. Hence, I can state that since this organisation takes topographic point in Cambodia, now there are many people understood much on instruction particularly in rural country. Besides, people who live in countryside let their girls to travel to school. Of class, now it shows us really exactly that there are many adult females pupils who are analyzing in university and besides many adult females working in ministries and companies. The MDG is besides plays a major function in footings of assisting hapless provinces for covering with some issues that those states are confronting. Harmonizing to my point of position, I can reason that the MDG is really difficult to accomplish the end by 2015 since the status of MDG for hapless provinces are rather difficult for them to follow. For the existent illustration of Cambodia, Cambodia is really difficult to obtain those standards since Cambodia deficiency of natural stuffs, human resources, so on and so forth. However, I trust that by 2020, the MDG can derive these aims since the hapless provinces are traveling to modernization provinces. Finally, the Education for All, I believe that it will obtain its end since it provides tonss about instruction system to hapless states since the hapless provinces deficiency of scheme to learn to pupils and no criterion for Cambodia pupils as a whole.

Aggressive Driving

Sometimes I wonder why people died of accident. Some blame this on reckless or aggressive driving while some believe it is normal for accident to occur. This is why the issue of aggressive driving has been a very vital issue today. These are recognized aggressive driving behaviors: over speeding, tailgating, weaving and running red lights, darting in and out of lanes, yelling and gesturing etc.Growing concerns about these drivers and the hazards they create on the roads have led to a flurry of activity by safety groups, law enforcement, mental health professionals and legislatures.There have been different studies about this issue and this study is very important, because these drivers’ endangers their life and others. Sometimes it might be suicide on the drivers’ part.One of these studies is the findings by the Institute for Traffic Safety Management and Research at the University of Albany, in conjunction with Fact Finders, Inc. and the New York Governor's Traffic Saf ety Committee, which showed that almost 29 percent of those surveyed say they see someone driving aggressively every day.Most of the participants admitted that they tend to drive more aggressively when in hurry, but not when angry or in a bad mood. The survey also indicated that aggressive driving poses problems for teens. The survey found that 24 percent of those aged 16 to 24 say they sometimes or most of the time drive aggressively as compared with 11 percent for those aged 45 to 54.In another study by the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, which found that between 1990 and 1996 road rage contributed to 218 deaths and 12,610 injuries.The study analyzed 10,037 police reports and newspaper stories about traffic accidents that led to violence. What's more, AAA found that road rage incidents increased nearly 7 percent each year within that six year period. Some experts blame the increase on longer commutes, which have led to more people on the roads others blame it on aggressiveness, risk-taking and personality traits of high-anger drivers.In conclusion, this study shows that teens are more likely to drive aggressively. In addition, there is a difference in the number of aggressive behavior between Convertible/Sports car (Porsche) drivers and drivers of Minivan and Truck.It is believed that drivers of Trucks and Minivans drink most of the time than those driving sports car and will most times drive aggressively.Reference:Dittmann, M, â€Å"Anger on the road†, Monitor staff, (2005, June).

A Way Of Thinking By Entrepreneurs Business Essay

A Way Of Thinking By Entrepreneurs Business Essay Successful companies are driven by visionary people in an effective and efficient way, those people are called entrepreneurs. The Oxford Dictionary provides the entrepreneur concept as â€Å"a person who undertakes an enterprise or business with probability of gain or loss, a contractor who acts as an intermediary, a person who assumes effective control of a business venture. It comes from the French word Entreprende or undertake†. Glancey and Mc Quaid (2000) define them as the protagonists of the process of entrepreneurship The entrepreneur is a leader, who sees opportunities where others see nothing, or only see difficulties. The entrepreneur makes a commitment that leads him to develop an unknown practice to solve a variance in small or large scale, A Entrepreneur will achieve recognition by pleading responsible to solve the problem and meet people who have similar interests. One aspect that should be present in an entrepreneur is: Believe in their own abilities, knowledge and skills, evaluate them, and be consistent with them at all times, these aspects provide confidence in themselves and in what the entrepreneur exposes as business idea These definitions are pointing to the entrepreneur as a person who seeks a reward assuming some risk (potential loss). Basically, the entrepreneur senses a need and then meets of the manpower, materials and capital needed to meet that need. In essence, an entrepreneur creates an organization as a means to offer something new to customers, employees or other stakeholders. Some entrepreneurs use information available to everyone, to produce something new. According to Timmons (1970) the creation and success of a company is not only necessary to administer and manage. The current business generation needs to be led, so organizations need to rethink their culture and practices. Direct them to seek dynamic processes, aimed at the opportunity, where there is the presence of a leader and business team: creative, careful a nd moderate resources, integrative and holistic vision, in order to establish a balance between all the driving forces The entrepreneur is the main engine of capitalist economic development. According to Schumpeter the benefit of the employer is justified by being an innovative ability to create wealth. If the economic system is in equilibrium, all factors of production are paid according to their marginal productivity (Schumpeter,  1934) Characteristics of an Entrepreneur à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Entrepreneurship. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Vision and imagination creative and innovative. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Need for achievement. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Perseverance and dedication. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Teamwork. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Comprehensive view of market needs. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢leadership For example we can mention a current entrepreneur who gained a great market space: Andrew Mason, 29 years, is the creator of Groupon, the web coupons, which became successful with a simple innovative idea .One of the fastest growing compa nies in history, according to Forbes. After saying no to Google, which offered U.S. $6,000millions, they now have a value of U.S. $950 million.Its creator explains why the success of the company very simply: â€Å"We won a commission, customers pay less for the product and associated companies get a return on a large scale for their products and services.†(gruopon.com) Effectuation – Tool of Entrepreneurs