Human Rights and Health Concerns Essay Example for Free

Human Rights and Health Concerns Essay Abortion is a controversial issue that opens allows for a large field of topics. These can run the gamut from moral to legal. Below are just a few examples that could assist in narrowing the scope of abortion. Note that there are many more areas that could narrow this subject and give you a better idea on the kinds of questions to ask. Legal Moral Women Rights Health Concerns to Women This is also a good idea for any other issue or subject you encounter in your academic writing career. It helps to narrow anything you come across as most topics or subjects an instructor gives you will be broad on purpose. The reason for this is encourage you to think about the subject and research it. Take the issue or subject and whittle it down into specific topics or areas. Whittle those topics or areas into specific questions. We’ll move on to the second one next. Ask yourself questions about the subject or topic. If asking questions about the narrowed topic seems too†¦narrow, ask questions of the greater subject. Why abortion is considered cruel? Why do anti-abortion factions consider abortion murder? What are the laws and opinions on abortion in other countries and how do they vary from the US (or your country)? What are the costs of Planned Parenthood? Women’s rights and abortion. What health concerns does abortion pose to women? Extremism groups and abortion. The history of abortion in the US (or your country). Government’s role or lack of a role in abortion. What are the moral concerns about abortion? Even though this article is mainly to cover writing prompts, we’ll give you a refresher on developing a thesis statement with the question. It’s not complex and there are several different outcomes you could get from only one question.

BMW and Rosslyn Plants Supply Chain Management and Logistics

BMW and Rosslyn Plants Supply Chain Management and Logistics BMW (Bayerische Motoren Werke), is arguably a luxury car manufacturer. BMW group headquarter is in Munich, Germany, however the company is settle all over the world (BMW Group, 2004) More detailed in (Appendix 1). In the early 1973, BMW opened his first international plant in Rosslyn South Africa (Autointell.com, 2007). Introduction The shifting business conditions of the 21st century has led to companies facing issues ranging from economic uncertainty to new technologies, globalisation and increasing consumer demands. In the automobile industry, as manufacturers design and build vehicles globally, their supply chains turn into increasingly multifaceted with challenges that frequently stand in the way of profitability and higher shareholder value such as long order-to-delivery lead times, unpredictable production schedules, excess inventory across the supply chain, lengthy demand planning cycles and lack of visibility of suppliers. The effect of the global economic meltdown increased the pressure on automotive executives to make right decisions about their supply chain for better performance. This paper will analyze how the German car manufacturer BMW South Africa (SA) at Rosslyn plant operates and how supply chain is conceived, supported, delivered and developed as well as identify the inventory management and the performance improvement that are affected by the identifying the logistics and supply chain management (SCM) systems as a possible strategy to respond to changing consumer demand. BMW Supply Chain Management process Supply chain management (SCM) can be defined as the design and management of seamless, value-added process across organisational boundaries to meet the real needs of the end customer (Fawcett et al., 2007). Generally, SCM involves relationships and managing the inflow and outflow of goods, services and information (network) between and within producers, manufacturers and the consumers (Christopher, 2005; Samaranayake, 2005; Gripsrud, 2006). A supply chain includes all activities, functions and facilities (directly or indirectly) in the flow and transformation of goods and services from the material stage to the end user (Sherer, 2005). It consists of an upstream supplier network and downstream channel (Mangan et al, 2008). The supply chain process at BMW starts from the customer and ends with the customer. BMW uses built-to-order structure to provide their customers what they want. Customer makes their request online or throughout the dealers. The information is then transmitted to Munich (Germany) which is captured in a central database. Bill distribution is done to establish cost of manufacturing and deciding where the car will be manufactured (Academicsjournal.org, 2010). This is informed by the nature and design of the product, the cost involved and the lead time. All parts are complete on built-to-stock foundation on the model life of the car imported. Parts are received at the Cape Town international airport by shipment in the case of South Africa Rosslyn plant (SAP) (Academicsjournal.org, 2010). It is then conveyed to the Rosslyn plant in Pretoria where it is then assembly. After assembled, it is taken to the warehouse where it is transported to the dealers set for collection by the customer (Ka ps, 2006). Several of the manufacturing, distribution of cars, suppliers of parts, exportation, quality values at BMW and the employ of mySAP technology for steering communication. These processes can be explained as follows. Production The production practice of cars goes during different shops where precise technologies are practical to make sure that value cars are delivered to customers. The procedure starts at Body-in-White Shop, where diverse pressed body parts are assembled into a body shell (Academicsjournal.org, 2010). The next procedure is the Paint Shop, where it is painted according to the customers request. At last the painted body goes to Assembly Shop where parts are fixed as per specification ordered by the customer. The essential issue is stretchy manufacturing (Academicsjournal.org, 2010). Paintings of car A painting of car is flexible to manufacture cars which meet the customers exact requests. Colour is an important principle for the customer choosing a car and is an influential marketing tool. Each customer is provided with the specific model require, with personalised features and all the options ordered, calls for an exceptionally high standard, not only in assembly but also in production and vehicle delivery management (Academicsjournal.org, 2010). However, one of the main activities on the assembly line occurs at the mix point: the point at which the engine and drive train are mixed to the body of the car. Improvements are made on the assembly line which has made it possible for BMW plant to produce all the 3 Series 4-door model derivatives and option requirements for the local and export market (Academicsjournal.org, 2010). Suppliers and assembly line BMW Rosslyn plant for example has about 44 local suppliers. Suppliers bring more than 60% of the mechanism of each car to the line. Just in time (JIT) supply processes ensure that certain components of the vehicle are on the assembly line just in time to be fixed to the exact vehicle they are made for. JIT supply systems are used to bring door panels, exhaust systems and rear and front axles to the correct point on the assembly line. Using a JIT supply scheme saves space by minimizing stock on the premise (Acamdemicsjournal.org, 2010). Typically, there is only one and a half hours of stock on the line at any set time which prevents damage to stock transport costs and saves storage. BMW plant delivers world-class worth products to consumers across the globe. All operational production is managed for offering uncompromising, best quality. However each and all procedure in manufacturing involved the car is checked for process inspections and aptitudes are implemented where needed (Acade micsjournal.org, 2010). Distribution BMW plant Vehicle Distribution Centre (VDC) has a distribution facility and a cost-effective storage, allowing the safety and quality protection of the vehicles. A 200-vehicle car-train loads export vehicles use dedicated railway facilities and off-loads each day import vehicles. For example Rosslyn plant has about 196 dealers locally. Vehicles intended for dealers are loaded onto car carriers and to dealerships around the country, which save the vehicle from any marks wear and scratch prior to delivery to a customer (Academicsjournal.org, 2010). All vehicles are inspected by associates VDC prior to loading to guarantee that the highest possible levels of quality delivery to dealers are maintained. The VDC provides a mechanical and paint/body workshop for the service and repair of company vehicles in addition to approve used cars. Manufactured vehicles are then transported to Durban (SA) for export. Transportation of vehicles to Durban port is on a daily basis. BMW South Africa (SA) has two train carriers, each one with a storage capacity of 176 units (Academicsjournal.org, 2010). The trains are used to transport imports units from Durban harbour to the VDC in Rosslyn. The vehicles are loaded onto car carrying vessels at the Durban harbour, known as RORO ships. These ships transport vehicles to several marketplaces at the opposite ends of the earth. Cars are conveyed on a bi-monthly basis to the Far East, USA and Australia, respectively (Academicsjournal.org, 2010). The transit period differs depending to the destination: Japan 23 days, USA 29 49 days, Australia 13 22 days (Academicsjournal.org, 2010). Quality Standards To ensure optimum customer satisfaction, the built quality of the vehicles produced at BMW Rosslyn Plant is measured through a process called Complete Product Audit. This audit compares the quality of a unit to the customers requirements, including technical specifications, fitment and function. These audits are performed throughout the build process at specified points. These strict audit standards are set at BMW Germany by the Central Quality department and are the same for all BMW plant (Academicsjournal.org, 2010). Using mySAP at BMW BMW uses mySAP Automotive to inspect assembly rank in real time. MySAP automotive parts use information and registers production validation every three minutes. Although, parts used during assembly are separately from the inventory count, and costs are posted to calculate the value of work in process. mySAP automotive helps to reduce order-to delivery time, reinforces supply chain activities in the areas of demand planning by tracking, tracing of material deliveries and improves inventory accuracy across BMW plant enabling significant reduction time-to customer (Academicsjournals.org, 2010). It also receives custom-configured manufacturing orders from BMWs planning system which include all the parts necessary to manufacture each car. However, BMW sends these long-horizon forecasts and short-horizon JIT delivery schedules to its suppliers. Larger suppliers receive the information via electronic data interchange (EDI) whereas other suppliers access the mySAP automotive supplier portal , where BMW posts the requirements to present up-to-date information on its delivery needs (Academicsjournals.org, 2010). By using only an Internet browser, suppliers can view this information in real time, including purchase documents, engineering documents, release schedules and invoices. When they ship parts, the suppliers send BMW advance shipping notifications (ASNs) to provide the car manufacturer with exact information on parts counts and delivery dates. Parts arriving at the BMW dock are then received and transferred directly to the line (Academicsjournals.org, 2010). BMW plant has fully integrated systems and network worldwide because BMW uses a service management system as part of a wider plan to improve supply chain lifecycles. The platform is triggered by complexities in the technology embedded in its cars and subsequent demand for systems to support servicing (Academicsjournals.org, 2010). BMW uses a portal to integrate information and systems with its suppliers which leads to faster information platform for communication however -advance technology applications is also used such as mySAP, JIT manufacturing, built-to-order which are all characteristics of lean manufacturing and innovations (Mangan et al, 2008; Academicsjournals.org, 2010). BMW Rosslyn plant logistics Logistics is part of the overall strategy of BMW as is part of the supply chain such as flows of material, information, people and equipment (BMWGroup.com, 2007). Doing logistics involves various activities such sourcing and purchasing inputs, managing inventorying, maintaining warehouses, and arranging transportation and delivery. (Mangan et al, 2010: ) Logistics play an important role in the manufacturing and the production of BMWs products which are shaped by a very highly and flexible efficient production network with mature work practice and the most advanced plants and facilities. As a worldwide player, the BMW Group is represented through its quality products of the BMW, MINI and Rolls-Royce brand in more than 140 countries. A flexible network of 23 production plants in 12 countries ensures that each customer receives the car he has ordered tailored to his specific needs and preferences (BMW Group, 2010). Efficient and flexible assembly at BMW is guaranteed by stylised logistics for an efficient production and a smooth flow of materials. Proficient logistics at BMW ensures accurate delivery of the parts required exactly on time, with a smooth and accurate flow of parts from BMW Group components or supplier (BMW Group, 2007). My SA 2nd automotive receives custom-configured manufacturing orders from BMWs planning system (Sap.com, 2010). The orders include: Mass customization BMW plants were designed to allow maximum flexibility and effective communications two factors that BMW emphasized for customization of its cars. BMW was reputed for its customization program, which allowed buyers to design their own cars from a set of available options. These orders were then transported to the factory which manufactured them according to the requests, which are then delivered to the buyers in the shortest possible time. In manufacturing world, this structure is called mass customization (IcmIndia.org, n.d), which is one of the essential enablers of agile supply chain as it combines both advantages of mass customization with those of production (IcmIndia, n.d; Mangan et al, 2008). Most analysts agree that BMW was one of the prominent implementers of mass customization in the auto industry. BMW promoted differentiation of it products which is an important attribute for luxury car by proving 1000 bumpers variation, 4000 panels choices and 488 different door panels (See Appendix 2 Interesting facts). A very high percentage of their output is already made to order (Autoexpress.co.uk, 2010). Role of supplier and IT BMW suppliers are located near the factory which is makes easy to be accessible and the time waste. The company keep the supplier constantly in the information loop and the information system for assembly. BMW had a very accurate ERP solution established by SAP. It linked the SCM very well. Once the data entered it reached automatically to production areas (Scribd.com, 2010). BMW at Rosslyn plant is typical example of how this IT practice has been organised using synchronised logistics. In the BMW example the incoming trucks are set a pager and preparing the specification by radio frequency identification (RFID) tag on arrival which is sent either straight to one of the waiting area or to the waiting bays. When the next loading bay in the delivery/pickup sequence for a given truck becomes available, the truck is paged to drive up and be unloaded / loaded (Psionteklogix.com, 2010). The RFID unit as well acts as a transponder to recognize the loading bay location of the truck in the factory during its activities, which are monitored by the system. In other instances such as at DaimlerChrysler Bremen the incoming trucks for JIT and JIS (Just-In- Second) deliveries all have GPS and radio data units and they are tracked from their starting point at the supplier to the factory (Psionteklogix.com, 2010). By monitoring the progress of the incoming trucks any dela ys are recognized in advance and the unloading plan amended accordingly. Based on the planned arrival of vehicles, the SyncroSupply system can plan the allocation of unloading bays, forklifts and other equipment essential to unload the goods and get them to their final location in the factory. In addition to supplier vehicles the system also manages internal truck movements, inter factory transfers, milk runs, return of empties (psionteklogix.com 2010, Ciltuck.org.uk, 2010). Performance improvement The automotive industry is currently witnessing rapid increases in the number of models and model variants that are available on the global market. The industry is now required to meet specific customer requirements in terms of specification and delivery date. Therefore, a fundamental change in BMW manufacturer shifted towards build-to-order, suggesting dramatic rise in flexibility and responsiveness across supply chain partners by implemented the leagile framework. Leagile is the combination of the lean and agile paradigms within a total supply chain strategy by positioning the decoupling point so as to customer end of the supply chain (downstream) while providing level scheduling supplier end of the supply chain (upstream) from the marketplace (Mangan et al, 2010). In order to achieve leagile supply chain, the upstream at BMW of the decoupling point have best suit the need for responding to an unpredictable demand designed to be lean while downstream agile (Mangan et al, 2008). Critical analysis Although the efficient supply chain processes and technology following the process needs to be faultless and as quicker as possible for survival in these uncertain times. BMW plant is quite flexible to customer demands giving the choice for them to request the type of cars they want at the appropriate price available. Cars are built-to-customers orders rather than by mass production. For example, differentiation techniques are used during painting as well as choices of the car features for comfort, hence flexible manufacturing. They do not hold inventory because the strategy is focused on built-to-order, so cars are made in sequence as the orders are placed using advanced technology such as mySAP which communicates demand planning across the supply chain (BMWGroup.com, 2004; Mangan et al 2008). Hence, BMW acquire characteristics of lean and agile supply chain (BMWGroup, 2004). Therefore the implementation of a framework for leagile supply chain at BMW is best so as to react to change s in the market (Mangan et al, 2008). Traditionally, the BMW has employed mass production strategy focusing on cost reduction (Zhang and Chen, 2006). However, due to globalisation, changes in the business environment etc, there has been a noticeable shift from the practice (Elkins, 2004; Sweicki and Gerth, 2008). BMW Rosslyn plant and the automobile industry in general have felt the results of the global economic meltdown resulting in a noticeable the actors of the supply decrease in sales and export across the globe (BMWGroup.com, 2007). To alleviate the situation, BMW has focused on strategies cost reduction with suppliers by reducing manufacturing plants. Not surprisingly, cost containment is a concern that figures prominently on the automobile agenda (Mangan et al. 2008). IBM (2009) survey indicates that there are five primary challenges facing auto makers in this economic downturn. This includes risk, customer demand, visibility, cost containment and globalisation which are raising interest rate, raw material, energ y cost and strong fluctuation. In this uncertain business climate, in addition to lean manufacturing, automobile manufacturers should be agile and responsive in addressing change which is BMW characteristics. A superior supply chain is a must to help auto manufacturers redesign and differentiate themselves (Academicsjournals.org, 2010). The application of RFID technology at BMW warehouse has enabled the reading of multiple items simultaneously is an ubiquitous technology which could reduced motivation and job satisfaction which could lead to the reduction of operational performance because employee involvement in system design is important (Mangan et al, 2008). However there is the necessity to redesign and redefine BMW supply chain strategies, operations and layouts thus as to be able to react to varying market demands. It should be accepted that BMW have both lean and agile characteristics and the full implementation of a leagile supply chain is vital for the survival of BMW in th is uncertain business times and for the years to come. Conclusions In a highly challenging and competitive environment such as today, where supply chain is a popular tool for improving the organisational competitiveness, an efficient and effective supply chain strategy is a must for BMW and their component manufacturers so as to meet changing consumer demands.

War of 1812 Essay -- essays research papers

March 27 -- Congress authorizes construction of six frigates to help protect American merchant fleets from attacks by the Algerian pirates and harassment by British and French forces. They are to be designed by Joshua Humphreys and Josiah Fox and built at six different sites. The contract for one of those ships, to be named CONSTITUTION, is given to Edmond Hartt's Shipyard in Boston. Back to Historical Events List 1794-1797: CONSTITUTION is under construction. Built in Boston to defend the young American nation, currently CONSTITUTION is nearly as old as the document for which George Washington named her. Both the document and the ship have proven to be resilient symbols of America's strength, courage, and liberty. CONSTITUTION was designed to be powerful enough to defeat any enemy about the same size and fast enough to out sail a stronger opponent. CONSTITUTION was built by Colonel George Claghorn at Edmond Hartt's shipyard in Boston. Made from more than 1,500 trees, with timbers felled from Maine to Georgia and armed with cannons cast in Rhode Island and copper fastenings provided by Paul Revere, the vessel is truly a national ship. Launched in Boston on October 21, 1797, she first put to sea in 1798. Having remained a part of the U.S. Navy since that day, CONSTITUTION is the oldest commissioned warship afloat in the world. Back to Historical Events List 1797: Oct. 21 -- CONSTITUTION is launched and christened by Capt. James Sever. It was the third attempt to launch her. The first, a month earlier, failed when the ship moved only 25 feet down the ship ways. Two days later she was moved an additional 30 feet. Workers had to make the ways steeper before the launch could be completed. The public was warned beforehand that the launch might cause a dangerously large wave, but none materialized. 1798: March 27 -- Congress votes to fit her out for sea. 1798: July 22 -- First put to sea and commanded by Capt. Samuel Nicholson. 1798-1801: Cruising in West Indies protecting U.S. shipping from French privateers, CONSTITUTION is not engaged in any battles. 1802-1803: Laid up in Boston, MA. 1803-1806: President Thomas Jefferson sent her to the Mediterranean as part of the second Mediterranean Squadron to protect American ships and seamen from attack by the Barbary pirates. With Captain Edward Preble in command, CONSTITUTION and other ships of the squadron bom... ...: July 21-- CONSTITUTION sails for the first time in 116 years. The sail was conducted just outside Boston Harbor under the command of Commander Michael C. Beck. The sail complement was six. October 21 -- CONSTITUTION celebrates her Bicentennial. The crewmembers parade from CONSTITUTION's 'birthplace' (Coast Guard Integrated Support Command) to the Old South Meeting House. 1998: . July 21 - 23 -- Naval vessels and tall ships from around the world come to Boston Harbor and honor CONSTITUTION during her bicentennial. The Deputy Secretary of Defense breaks his flag in "Old Ironsides" and returns the salute from visiting warships. The ship receives a blessing, and a wreath is laid at the grave site of CONSTITUTION's first commanding officer, Samuel Nicholson, at Old North Church. 2000: . On 11 July, CONSTITUTION leads a "Parade of Sail" of over 120 tall ships into Boston Harbor with four sails set as part of SAIL BOSTON 2000. CONSTITUTION and the USS CONSTITUTION Museum launch a collaborative educational outreach program entitled, "Old Ironsides Across the Nation," to bring the Constitution story to citizens throughout the Nation over the next six

The Effect of Cliques on High School Students Essay -- Essays Papers

The Effect of Cliques on High School Students Most college freshman can still vividly remember their high school days. These days included ruling the school as seniors, or running from the seniors as lowly ninth graders. These days included having lunch with friends, and gossiping in the hallways between classes. Whatever was done, it was usually done with a friend or a group of friends. Most of these groups can be considered cliques. Cliques are groups where there is some kind of common factor among all members, whether everyone is a cheerleader, or everyone is in the chess club. These cliques have their own unique way of doing things: their own table to sit at during lunch, their own desks in a classroom, and their own parking places in the lot. Most cliques also have another group of people that they look down upon: the cheerleaders don’t like the chess club, and the band members don’t like the FFA (Future Farmers of America) guys. Each club has its own label as well: football jock, band geek, drama fairy (The Cliques, 1 Dec. 2001). These labels, as well as the constant name calling and degrading remarks about others not in the group, are to blame for constant fighting between cliques. The fact that some groups hate others so much has left a permanent affect on some high school students, scaring them and leaving them unable to function in society because of the way they were treated in sch ool, just because of what they did or didn’t like. Being a high school student isn’t easy. The classes can be rough, teachers have a reputation of being mean or nice or mean to some and nice to others, and all the while, there’s the question of a girlfriend or boyfriend, who’s having a party tonight, what should be worn, and so on and so on. Adding on the pressure of having to be involved in the right group, and it starts to become stressful. Because if a student isn’t in the right group; then there is nothing to live for. Of course, this is a little over exaggerated, but this is what high school students have to put up with. There is the constant peer pressure to fit in, to be part of the crowd, up until the point where it is almost impossible to be an individual. This is what cliques have done to high schools (Surviving School, 27 October, 2001). They have turned them into places where designer labels rule, and those that don’t fit in, whe... ...cliques re-think their total control of the school. The influence of a clique should be challenged every once in a while (Surviving School, 27 October, 2001). The world of cliques is a dangerous and confusing one. There are good groups of course, groups that help out around the community, or the school, or give some kind of entertainment to others. But for the most part, the average stuck up clique can be dangerous if they are crossed. High school students have enough to worry about, and the clique is just an added burden. Cliques are as much a part of high school as is the English department, but something should be done to make sure they don’t ruin the lives of the innocent who are just a little bit different than those that are part of the group. Works Cited Surviving School. 30 August, 2000. 27, October, 2001. http://www.surviveschool.com. chaotic_2. The Cliques. 18 July, 2000. 2 December, 2001. http://www.expage.com/page/loner3cliques. Marquette General Hospital's Women's & Children's Center. Cliques Power and Pain. Spring 1998. Marquette General Hospital. 26 October, 2001. http://www.mgh.org/wcc/teensite/adults/articles/cliques.html

My Hobby of Fishing Essay examples -- Papers Personal Narrative Hobbie

My Hobby of Fishing One of my favorite hobbies is fishing. Some people regard this as a boring or an old man's sport, but I value it much more than that. If you have never experienced it, I think you are really missing something, and so you can't truly give your honest opinion on the sport. Humans have been captivated with the sea, and catching fish since the beginning of their existence, and the sport has, in many ways evolved hugely, and yet in many aspects has stayed exactly the same. The sport is unique compared to others, and I find it can be anything from a relaxing, to a very intense experience, and every time is different. I was introduced to fishing by my father when I was only 4 years old, and I have been hooked on it ever since. It is one of the few sports that's great for just socializing and friendships, as it breaks down the barriers we might have with one another. There are three main types of fishing; fly fishing, coarse fishing and sea fishing. I started with sea fishing off my uncle's speedboat in The Solent around places like the Needles, but none of us really had any idea what we were doing, and to catch even one fish seemed like a huge success. The first fish I ever caught was, quite surprisingly, a small bass when I was fishing with some bait on a hook just floating off the boat. There is something about catching fish which just gives you such an adrenalin burst and it becomes an addictive experience which you just want to try again and again. The good thing about sea fishing, though, is that most of what you catch you can eat and I find it a lot more enjoyable compared to say coarse fishing where you are... ...snapped free causing the boat to capsize suddenly and all three of us to go overboard. Another great thing about the sport, is that it is so easy to get into, with books, the Internet, tutors and lessons all available, and the gear is easy to get hold of as well, so if you have some spare time, I can seriously recommend taking up the hobby. You won't be disappointed. Text Box: On this occasion coming into the harbour, the seagulls surrounded the boat because of the fish we had onboard. It was just our luck that we caught a fish which came to the surface of the water at that time, and so a seagull dived for it, and we then had a seagull which woulnt let go of the fish so we had to reel them both in, and sea gulls can give quite a nasty nip. My uncle was also quite unnerved at being at the back of the boat with all of these birds flying over.

Empowerment of the Employees in the Hospitality Industry Essay

Introduction Human Resource Management group of any type of business group play a great role in any organization’s progressive procedures. This is especially true in terms of the organization’s joined in the hospitality industry. Most likely, it is agreeable among all business organizations that the people or the target market is the main source of the â€Å"blood line† of any business group at that. Constant referral of the people as the main source of life for the said organizations certainly leads to the idea that most of their activities and business operations are aimed to please the clients that they ought to serve basing on the products and the services that they offer for public consumption. This is the reason why understanding the primary role of HRM in the progressive procedures of the said hospitality industry organizations is an important factor that must be dealt with in examining the progressive factors that contribute to the advancement of the hospitality industry within the American society as well as around the world. The fact that the key role of the employees within an organization is to keep its reputation up with regards the service that the company gives to its clients, there should be a certain span of attention given to their motivated progress as part of a progressing company as well. However, to know the most important factor contributing to the progression of this discussion, it is important to examine what really is the hospitality industry pertaining to? Background of the Study The business organizations making up the hospitality industry are mainly those that are serving the social market with the best service that they are able to offer to the human community. Overall, the organizations that are concerned with servicing the human society at the best possible process that they could are considered a member of the hospitality industry. The organization’s constant aim of giving state of the art service to the people makes them survive in the industry that they are involved with. To give at least a much vivid picture of the industry, the discussion of its four major branches shall help in the process of comprehension of the issue being talked about. The said four branches of the hospitality industry include (a) Accommodation Service Providers, which includes hotels, public houses for rent, motels, resorts and sanatoriums; (b) Travel and Tourism, which includes travel agents, airline cabin staff and travel technology; (c)Bars and Clubs which includes nightclubs and public houses; (d) Service and Support such as accountancy as well as occupational health and spa. The branches mentioned herein show the obvious fact that the organizations that are involved within the said industry tries to pioneer in the market of entertainment and servicing activities that actually ease the responsibilities of the human society. Since this is a fact that makes up the entire hospitality industry, it should be considered that human effort is a very important factor in the progress of the said industry. Hence, empowering them and giving them the attention that they need for them to be motivated enough to perform the best possible service that they could offer both the company and their clients as well. This particular procedure of taking care of the inner force of certain servicing organizations indeed affects the overall reputation of the entire business that also affects its performance in the world trade market. This is the main reason why it is very important for the administrations of several servicing organizations to understand the impact that motivational procedures have on the status of the progressive steps that the business groups are trying to aim for and complete within their operational engagements. This is where the involvement of the Human resources Management enters the situation. The motivational procedures that they are taking into consideration actually affects the performance of the entire business organization in the industry. Human Resources Management: The Challenges and Changes The need for having strong health assistance systems in large urban cities in the United States as well as other highly industrialized countries around the world is a challenge to many medical institutions that provide the needed services for such concerns. This is where the role of the Human Resources Management comes in. As known to many, this kind of issue demands a high shift on the human resource systems that a certain company uses. As for medical institutions such as Mt. Carmel and Tucson Medical Center, hiring and retaining employees within the work loading systems of the medical institution was much of a hard challenge for them. In the paragraphs to follow, the issues along with the responsibility of the Human Resource Management team of both medical institutions shall be discussed. The resolutions made for the said issues would also be tackled afterwards. The HRM Responsibilities The Human Resource Management Department or team is a common section that every profit or at times even non-profit organizations have. The reason behind the constant existence of this bisection in every organization is the fact that it has so much control over the staffing systems as well as providing the people within the organization with what they are due as well as with what they need (Clarke, 1998). In this regard, the importance of the presence of this organizational sector is then essential for keeping and motivating employees do their best in their assigned duties. As mentioned earlier, the challenge that has mainly directed HRM teams of both Mount Carmel Medical Institution and Tucson Medical Center to resorting to some revolutionary solutions to be able to meet the said challenges. Indeed, the responsibility that they have towards the employees that include providing them with what they need while still upholding the objectives of the institution to gain the best possible profit solution for the organization. The balanced view towards these needs have to be addressed thoroughly by the HRM team. By doing so, they are expected to provide the stakeholders of the organization with what they needed at a best possible solution (Keener, 1999). Before, the solution that both company’s HRM team was hiring temporary nurses to fill in the need. However, in due time, temporary nurses were not able to fill much of the needs of the said medical institutions. The Best Solution With the introduction of new technology and information processing systems through the internet, the revolution of network based staffing remedies hosted by some information programming companies has been the best possible solution for many people support techniques that different organizations in the business industry use today. This fact has also been proven true by the way Mount Carmel and Tucson Medical Center have faced the challenge of effectively using the human resources that they already have and doing away with hiring temporary nurses to fill in the void positions in the hospitals. At first, the HRM team of both medical institutions has had doubts on how effective the online processes could be for their employees. However, when they saw that the said program would be much beneficial both for the hospital’s objectives as well as with the employees, they took the chance of implementing the said resolution. As a result, this system has provided both institutions with so much ease and best results for the services that they offer to their clients who are hoping for excellent healthcare provisions. Implementing such programs have fully equipped the Human Resource Management teams to rearrange the staffing system in the institutions they work for while also being able to provide the organization with what they expect from their service operations. However, the said implementation also has its own disadvantages as further enlisted by Maureen Minehan in the article â€Å"Technology’s increasing impact on the workplace†. The said advantages are as follows: †¢ Portability †¢ Discrimination †¢ Legal issues †¢ Worker’s compensation and liability scheduling (1997) The said issues are considered to be among the least yet most important details that must be considered in the implementation of online programs for staffing employees. Minehan further adds that it would not be so much a surprise that because of the implementation f such technological systems, the said techniques that are governed by technological advancement â€Å"would eventually change, thus also affecting the activities of the HRM teams of the organizations† (1997). The existence of the new technological innovations on information sharing is indeed a gift to the social systems, especially organizational systems that exists today. However, like other remedies, the said innovations have their own advantages and disadvantages once they are implied. Hence, this is the main reason why the Human Resources Management teams are further faced with the challenge of whether to apply the said technological innovations in their company’s system or not. The important thing though is the idea that whether they would implement it or not, the main focus of their job is to provide the company and its employees with the best benefit that could get from the service that they render the clients of the organization. By being focused in the said responsibility, it would be easier to choose on whether to implement the technological programs or not. Management and the Hospitality Industry T, take for example the Australian economy. The Australian community is made up of a large number of minorities or immigrants who have been entering the boundaries of the country searching for employment. Hence, through this particular truth, it could be observed that the management teams of the business organizations in Australia faces the challenge of dealing with the differences of the people who are employed in the country especially in the hospitalityindustry (Leat, 2001, 14). This is particularly the one of the reasons why management and its procedural applications could not simply be passive agent in the foundation of a fine employee relations structure.(Greenwood, 2005, 19) The fact that the internal effects of globalization is focused upon the idea of employing people more than ever, the Australian retailing industry primarily aims to commit its services to the people as much as it could. Along with this, the business organizations are given the high privilege of making a difference in the society, aiming to continuously allowing people see the fact that through employment, they could be able to satisfy their needs and their demands with regards an aimed lifestyle that they have always dreamed of for them and their families as well (Kaufman, 2003, 25). This particular truth on employment satisfaction is the primary reason why the management teams are established. TO be able to motivate the employed personnels for them to work with the goals of the organization along with their personal aims as well, It is necessary to develop the ways by which the management is able to provide them with the satisfaction that they need (Kaufman, 2003, 19). This is the way by which an employee relations procedure is established for the betterment of the entire workforce of business organizations. Hospitality Organizations are expected to control a large number of employees as they are mainly empowered by the selling abilities of salesclerks and cashiers and other rank and file positions within the organization. Creating a fine working environment for the employees would certainly help in the establishment of a strong business organization. Through policing and employee relations establishment the said motivational factor that would assist the employees in working their efforts towards the right path of success is indeed needed.(Greenwood, 2005, 56) This is where the management procedures practiced by the management teams of different organizations enters the scene. Several hospitality companies in Australia are paying much to be able to help their workforce have a clear motivation towards their goals as well as with the company’s goals (Bruce, 2004, 21). Conclusion Continuously sticking to the example carried herein with regards the Australian economy, it could be noted that there are those that preempt the industries in Australia as neither as strong or even a weak status in the world economy. At some point, the said reactions are derived form the fact that the hospitality industries are at some point lacking the capability to assist their employees in reaching their goals making it harder for the workforce to perform well, which might result to lesser successful accounts of profitable outcome for the Australian economy. This is where the importance of human resource management should be strongly applied among hospitality organizations. From this perspective, it could be observed and thus proven that the management sector of any organization is definitely not a passive agent when it comes to empowering the human relations of certain business companies especially in the Australian Hospitality Industry (George, 2005, 65). Most often than not, it could be noted that the Management team even has the largest responsibility in creating the possibilities for a larger, more successful employee relations within the hospitality industry systems. Especially taking into consideration the major role of the human resource management in empowering the people of those who are working within the hospitality industries, it could be observed that people are supposed to be served and be serviced at the same time. The ability of the human resource management to create possibilities by which the stakeholders of the organization would actually benefit from could actually help the said industry grow towards its peak servicing operations within the human society. From the study presented herein, it could be noted that there are several responsibilities that the HRM need to attend to. However, because of the focus that they have to put on empowering their own people, they need to balance the aspects that they ought to take into consideration in actually completing their responsibilities. BIBLIOGRAPHY Maureen Minehan . (1997). Technology’s increasing impact on the workplace. http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3495/is_n12_v42/ai_20204659. (January 14, 2007). Ronald Keener. (1999). Problems for Everyone in IT Staffing Needs – Industry Trend or Event. http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0DUD/is_4_20/ai_54586477. (January 14, 2007). Richard Clarke. (1999). Investing in human assets. http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3257/is_11_52/ai_53286806. (January 14, 2007). Brent Wilder. (2002). Mt. Carmel takes records to Web-based network. http://www.bizjournals.com/columbus/stories/2002/06/24/focus3.html. (January 14, 2007). Rosemary Notarantonio. (2006). Health Management Technology. Atlanta: Feb 2006. Vol. 27, Issue. 2; pg. 30, 2 pgs. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1011570911&sid=1&Fmt=3&cl ientId=29440&RQT=309&VName=PQD. (January 14, 2007). Greenwood. (2005). The Practice of Workplace Participation: Management-Employee Relations at Three Particpatory Firms. IAP – Information Age Publishing Inc.; New Ed edition. Mike Leat. (2001). Exploring Employee Relations. Butterworth-Heinemann. Bruce E. Kaufman. (2003). Industrial Relations to Human Resources and Beyond: The Evolving Process of Employee Relations Management (Issues in Work and Human Resources). M.E. Sharpe. Margaret Bruce. (2004). International Retail Marketing: A Case Study Approach. Butterworth-Heinemann. McCracken, M., Wallace, M. (2000a), â€Å"Towards a redefinition of strategic HRD†, Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 24 No.8, pp.425-67. McCracken, M., Wallace, M. (2000b), â€Å"Exploring strategic maturity in HRD – rhetoric, aspiration or reality?†, Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 24 No.5, pp.281-90. Maxwell, G., McDougall, M., Blair, S. (2000), â€Å"Managing diversity in the hotel sector: the emergence of a service quality opportunity†, Managing Service Quality, Vol. 10 No.6, pp.367-73. Weiermair, K. (2000), â€Å"Tourists’ perceptions towards and satisfaction with service quality in the cross-cultural service encounter: implications for hospitality and tourism management†, Managing Service Quality, Vol. 10 No.6, pp.397-409.

Aboriginal Inequality

Social Inequality with Canadian Aboriginals SOC 300 Dr. Kelly Train Milica Rados 500460778 Different ethnic backgrounds immigrate to Canada making it a very multicultural society. Immigrants coming to Canada have made it progress to a more multicultural society, making other nations believe that this is the case, however this does not include native societies that have been living in Canada for the longest period of time. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how Aboriginals live in Canada.This paper argues that aboriginals in Canada are not treated with the same equality as non-aboriginals livening in Canada, even though Canada is known as a multicultural society. By studying the history of Aboriginal settlement in Canada and understanding their connection to the land there is a better understanding of why taking over their land is a social issue. By taking over their land their sense of connection to nature was taken away which was a big part of the Aboriginal culture. This cause d educational inequality and also the inequality they face within their workplace and the wages they receive.By studying history, their culture, education and their current economic state it becomes more clear why this is a social issue in Canada and how that takes away from the multiculturalism Canada is known for. Aboriginals, which include first nations people, were the first people of Canada however, the treatment they receive today shows otherwise. Aboriginal treaties, Westphalia Treaty of 1648, that were established in Canada in the mid-seventeenth century were used to â€Å"harmonize discovery and conquest principles† (Frideres, 2000).The land that Aboriginals occupied was more than just land to them, they felt a connection with Mother Nature and they established roles in their families that helped them create a working community. Without even trying to understand how Aboriginals felt about their treaties and their land the British Common Law abolished Aboriginal land and tenure (Frideres, 2000). The British came into Canada stronger, with weapons and technology that the Aboriginals did not know about or ever see and when they took over their land they had nothing they could do or say about it.The Aboriginal had no choice but to cooperate and let the land that they felt strong connections to be taken over. Losing a sense of connection to the land and having to watch one of the most important parts of their community being taken over cause further problems for the Aboriginal people. Due to the problems faced with settlement of British into Canada, Aboriginals have not had the same independence they had when they were living in Canada alone, they don’t receive the same equality or freedom.According to symbolic internationalists the identity of a person cannot be determined without understanding the historical context of what the individual is born into. â€Å"Socialization theory† argues that individuals are born into groups and learn their culture and what they learn goes on to the next generations (Frideres, 2008). If a person born into Aboriginal social groups, their understanding of who they are comes from the group they are born into. Their parents teach them about the land and help them develop the same connection to nature that they feel.Aboriginal identity emerges from Aboriginal groups that are shaped by their sense of location (Frideres, 2008). Aboriginals have a strong connection to their land and nature around them and that is what they teach the next generation as stated before. Aboriginal people are the original occupants of the territory known as Canada and as such possess a special relationship to this space (Mills, 2006), and even though this is the case it does not mean that Aboriginals need to own all of Canada and all the land should be considered there.However, the land that they did occupy and did have should be left as is because their connection to the land is important to them. But that is not the case. Aboriginal people are an ethnicity abstracted from their distinct history and relationship to the land and to newcomers (Mills, 2006). They no longer get to own their land but at the same time they have to watch their land being taken over. Over time this sense of group, or community disappears. Generations can no longer teach younger generations about the importance of nature and therefore the history is slowly lost.Since they lost their history and their connection to the land a lot of other parts of their culture and their beliefs was taken away as well. The main issue faced was losing a sense of their culture. Canada being a multicultural society, allows for all people to practice their culture and they have the freedom to believe what they want. The aboriginals lost that right when their land was taken over. It was lost because they no longer owned their nature and it was taken over by technology and architecture, making them less united with the forest and the land that they lived in.By taking over the land they were also forced to have to change their education. In schools they were no longer allowed to learn Aboriginal culture. In 2002 by studying Canadian schools it was said that as many as 30 percent of elementary students and 40 percent of high school students did not speak even a little of their Native tongues (Schissel, 2002). The reason that this is the case can be because Aboriginal families stopped practicing their culture and heritage at home therefore distancing the children from understanding where they came from.That is not because they no longer wanted their kids to know the traditions or history of their ancestry, but it was simply because they lost the connection they had. After being forced to stop practicing aboriginal culture when the British settlement fist happened, they had to learn a new culture and therefore it was slowly lost sine it was forbidden. Therefore the main reason that such high numbers of Aboriginal s tudents do not speak their native language is because the educational system in Canada fails to recognize and incorporate indigenous knowledge (Schissel, 2002).Since it would be hard to incorporate all cultures existing in Canada it is acceptable that the language is not practiced in schools. However aboriginals play such an important role in Canadian history their culture should be incorporated in the schools more, especially in history classes involving in Canada. Some may argue that other cultures are not incorporated into the mainstream school system, but aboriginals are the main settlers of Canada and therefore they should be recognized and taught about. Others argue that there are alternative schools that will study traditional cultures.However according to Schisel (2002) this achievement of education would be laughable and would not be considered for a higher level of education such as continuing to university. Therefore they are forced to study the mainstream system if they wish to have a future in the Canada employment wise. Not only did the Aboriginals sacrifice their language and culture, they often also encounter the additional hindrances of racism, prejudice, poverty, violence, and underemployment (Schissel, 2002) Underemployment that Aboriginals face is a serious social issue in Canada.The reason that this can be seen as a serious social issue is because Aboriginal peoples were titled as one of the four economically disadvantaged target groups in Canada in the Employment Equity Act 1995 (Maxim, 2001). This means that the Aboriginals cause overall views of Canada to go down. They can affect the overall economy in Canada because this means they suffer from poverty and unemployment bringing Canada down as a nation. The creation of the Indian in 1985 did not do any help with creating Aboriginals as equals and this party is suffering to this day.Act Registered Aboriginal people in Canada are more likely than any other culture in Canada to be unemploye d. They also have a lower education achievement and are considered more likely to be unemployed than anyone else in Canada (White, 2003). It is not just registered aboriginals that are suffering economically it is also the non-registered aboriginals as well. Overall all Aboriginal Canadians are disadvantaged when compared with the non-Aboriginal Canadian population. The amount of disadvantage, is measured by the characteristics of income we are examining, differs for the different categories of Aboriginal peoples (Maxim, 2001).The earnings of Aboriginal people is 10. 4 percent lower than non-aboriginal people in Canada (Maxim, 2001). Thinking about all the different cultures in Canada that number is high compared to the rest of the Canadian citizens. Aboriginal people, mainly concerning women are employed in low paying jobs and also are in less stable jobs (Mills, 2006). There are two main reasons that this is the case according the Mills (2006). The first reason he gives us is that Canadians limit the number of jobs offered for aboriginals.They limit the jobs that they are giving to women for example, therefore resulting in lower paid jobs. The second reason according to Mills (2006) is by putting Canadians in less desirable jobs. This causes a disadvantage for them and it creates segregation. Therefore by limiting their jobs to less desirable jobs they are being treated with inequality and suffer from segregation. The employment rates and unemployment rates suggest that Aboriginals in Canada are way more disadvantage and therefore signifying that Canada is not as multicultural as we believe it to be.In conclusion, it is apparent that Aboriginals are facing sociologically related problems living in Canada. Canada portrays itself as a multicultural society and even though the acceptance of immigrants has progressed a high amount in the years, what is ignored is the aboriginal societies that first settled in Canada. Being the first nations people of Canada the recognition they receive should be much higher. Their history should be brought into schools and the be taught to not only Aboriginals but also other Canadian students because it is an important part of Canadian history.The language should not have been eliminated in the past and just like other cultures they should have received the same treatment being allowed to own their own land, and study their culture. If Aboriginal history was to be taught would create a better sense of acceptance for Aboriginal people and it would help them not forget their culture and their connection to the land. Not only should the history of Aboriginals be taught more, but their acceptance in the work place should be improved.The amount of jobs offered should be higher and the wages they receive should reflect the wages of the rest of Canadians. This would cause Canada to progress into the multicultural society they strive to be. This would cause other cultures to feel more of an acceptance and statisti c wise Canada would progress as well. Based on the history of Aboriginals, their culture, the mainstream school system and employment rates; aboriginals are suffering from inequality and it does impact Canada as a society. References Frideres, James S. 2000.Aboriginal Tenure in the Constitution of Canada. Canadian Ethnic Studies. 32. 2:140. Frideres, James S. 2008. Aboriginal Identity in the Canadian Context. The Canadian Journal of Narrative Studies. 28. 2:313-342 Maxim P, White P, Beavon D, Whitehead P. 2001. Dispersion and polarization of income among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Canadians. The Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology. 38. 4:465-476. Mills, Suzanne E. 2006. Segregation of Women and Aboriginal People Within Canada’s Forest Sector by Industry and Occupation.The Canadian Journal of Narrative Studies. 26. 1:147-171. Schissel B, Wotherspoon T, Friesen J. 2002. The legacy of school for Aboriginal people: education, oppression, and emancipation. Canadian Et hnic Studies. 34. 2:129-131 Vivian J. 2006. With Good Intentions: Euro-Canadian and Aboriginal Relations in Colonial Canada. Canadian Ethnic Studies. 38. 2:181-183 White J, Maxim P, Gyimah S. 2003. Labour Force Activity of Women in Canada: A Comparative Analysis of Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Women. The Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology. 40. 4:391-415.